Evaluation of regeneration responses and production of phenolic substances of Lilium species in response to different light qualities

Lilium is a member of the Liliaceae family. Recently, utilization of LEDs has enhanced the plant growth, yield, and production of the secondary metabolites. This experiment investigated three species of Lilium, ledebourii, jinghe, and dandie. The experiment involved exposing the plants to different light qualities, including monochromatic lights: 100% white (W), 100% red (R), and 100% blue (B), and combinations: 80% red + 20% blue (R80B20), 60% red + 40% blue (R60B40), 40% red + 60% blue (R40B60), and 20% red + 80% blue (R20B80). The research was carried out through three separate experiments based on a completely randomized design with five replications. The findings revealed that various morphological, physiological, and phytochemical characteristics were greatly dependent on plant species. In ledebourii, W and R lights had notable effects on enhancing root length and total phenol, respectively. Conversely, other parameters remained unaffected by the light treatments. Jinghe species exhibited positive responses to W light in many parameters, including regeneration percentage, leaf and root length, leaf and root numbers, fresh weight, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, and total phenol content. In addition, the dandie showed an increase in callus percentage under the influence of R light. Furthermore, some indices of the dandie species experienced significant improvements under the R80B20 light, such as leaf length, bulblet number, root and leaf numbers, fresh weight, leaf area, chlorophyll b, total phenol and total flavonoid content. Generally, W and R80B20 lights led to enhancements in various growth and phytochemical characteristics for the jinghe and dandie species, respectively.