Research Paper
Natural resources
Ramin Hosseinzadeh; Javad Soosani; Hamed Naghavi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 February 2021
Abstract
In order to investigate the structural characteristics (mingling, spatial distribution pattern and dominance) and competition (DBH and Height) of beech, hornbeam and Oak species in different stratums of forest, 10 plots with areas of 1 hectare were collected randomly, in the protected regions of Asalem ...
Read More
In order to investigate the structural characteristics (mingling, spatial distribution pattern and dominance) and competition (DBH and Height) of beech, hornbeam and Oak species in different stratums of forest, 10 plots with areas of 1 hectare were collected randomly, in the protected regions of Asalem forests. In each plot some information such as azimuth and distance of the trees relative to the source, diameter at breast height and maximum height of trees were measured. Then, the dominant heights of the stands were identified and classified into three stratums: upper, middle and lower. According to the results, beech showed little Mingling in all stands, while the results related to Oak revealed high Mingling and hornbeam had more Mingling than the average amount of Mingling, that the highest value was observed in the upper stratum. Regarding the spatial distribution pattern, the mean of all three species indicated a little clustered distribution patterns, but beech and hornbeam tend to showed a regular distribution pattern in the upper stratum. Also, from the lower stratum to the upper stratum, the dominance increased and the competition decreased. The results of Oak showed the highest dominance and the lowest competition compare to the other species. By describing the results in different stratums, more information about characteristics and structural changes of species were reached. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to these features in management planning and implementation activities such as forest utilization and silviculture so that the intervention is designed to minimize changes in forest structure
Research Paper
Genetics
Mohamad Ebrahim Ranjbar Niaki; Zahra Ghahremani; Seyyed Mousavizadeh; Taher Barzegar; juan gil
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 March 2021
Abstract
A. officinalis is the most economically important species of asparagus. There are some wild accessions of this species from Iran that they are growing under different environmental conditions such as saline and dry soils and wide range of altitude and climate. Inter and intraspecific hybridization is ...
Read More
A. officinalis is the most economically important species of asparagus. There are some wild accessions of this species from Iran that they are growing under different environmental conditions such as saline and dry soils and wide range of altitude and climate. Inter and intraspecific hybridization is a useful technique to introduce characteristics from wild species and accessions into crops. The overall purposes of the current study were to evaluate the possibility of using of wild accessions of A. officinalis species in asparagus crop breeding programs and also using of molecular markers as a valuable and useful tool to detect hybrid plants. In this study, successful interspecific hybridization was obtained for A. officinalis (2x) × A. persicus (2x) cross, by hand pollination. AG7 can be suitable molecular marker to detect interspecific plant for wild accession of A. officinalis (wild accession from Kerman province) in open pollination method and also controlled crosses. Specific allele in 187 bp length was identified by AG8 marker in A. officinalis wild accessions.
Research Paper
Physiology
Niloofar Bagheri; Alireza Pirzad
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 March 2021
Abstract
Dragon's head, one of the mint family plants with 30% oil and mucilage in its seeds. In order to evaluate the response of plant to nitrogen fertilizers in saline soils, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018 at Urmia University. ...
Read More
Dragon's head, one of the mint family plants with 30% oil and mucilage in its seeds. In order to evaluate the response of plant to nitrogen fertilizers in saline soils, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018 at Urmia University. Treatments included nitrogen fertilizer (urea, Azotobacter as a foliar application and Azotobacter as a seeds inoculant and no-fertilizer as control), and two planting bed, saline and normal, with conductivity of 6.7 and 0.91 ds/m respectively. The highest amount of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and activity total phenol content wasto plants grown under saline soil without any nitrogen fertilizer. However, their values decreased significantly for all fertilizer treatments. All constituents of seed mucilage were higher in non-saline conditions. While application of urea increased rhamnose content, Azotobacter inoculation caused xylose, glucose and galactose content to be increased under non-saline condition. Urea was preferred for the production of raffinose, arabinose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid. Salinity, likewise fertilizer treatments had no significant effect on oil content and mucilage. In all treatments, salinity increased the antioxidants, which was related to plant response to stress conditions. In the case of soluble sugars, nitrogen fertilizers prevented excessive reduction and moderated this amount. Despite increasing saturated and unsaturated fatty acids under soil salinity, fertilizer treatments increased the saturated fatty acids (stearic, palmitoleic, palmitic and myristic) against decreasing unsaturated fatty acids (linolenic, linoleic and oleic).
Research Paper
Biochemistry
ali kheiri; Hanieh Mohajjel shoja; mansour sarajoughi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 March 2021
Abstract
Nowaday, cancer is one of the main causes of death in the world, and mutants cause the deaths of millions of cancer patients. Given the side effects of drugs in cancer treatment, there is a growing body of research to find drugs with less side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant ...
Read More
Nowaday, cancer is one of the main causes of death in the world, and mutants cause the deaths of millions of cancer patients. Given the side effects of drugs in cancer treatment, there is a growing body of research to find drugs with less side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of different aqueous and alcoholic extracts of safflower petals pigments under drought stress and normal conditions against sodium azide mutant, using Ames test in the absence and presence of microsomes of rat liver (S9). After preparation of different aqueous and alcoholic extracts of safflower petals under drought stress and normal conditions, the anti-mutagenic effect of the extracts was investigated by Ames test. The difference between the averages of revertants per plate in relation to the mutagen was analyzed using SPSS software and one- way ANOVA. The results showed that ethanolic extracts of petals under stress and control group with 90% and 48% inhibition had the highest and lowest anti-mutagenic effects, respectively. The highest level of inhibition was observed in ethanol extract under drought stress, which is in agreement with the results of the microsomal mixture and the findings of previous studies showing that the plant produced antioxidant compounds to decrease the stress effects.
Research Paper
Ecology
Seyed Mozaffar Mansouri; Fatemeh Tajabadi; Hadi Zohdi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 March 2021
Abstract
Common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), is one of the most important pistachio orchards in Iran. It can cause irreparability damage to pistachio with sever feeding of phloem of leaves and buds. This research carried out to study direct effects of ethanolic extract of ...
Read More
Common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), is one of the most important pistachio orchards in Iran. It can cause irreparability damage to pistachio with sever feeding of phloem of leaves and buds. This research carried out to study direct effects of ethanolic extract of eshvarak and oleander on fifth nymphal instar. Bioassay test with direct spry method on nymphs was used to determination of mortality and LC50. Also, repellency percentage of adult insects was calculated with two plant extracts by Talukder and Howse formula. All experiments were done in completely randomized design. Based on the results, LC50 of oleander and eshvarak were 142 and 109 miligram per liter (ppm) respectively. The highest mortality of nymphs in concentration of 750 miligram per liter of oleander extract was 63.81±1.24% and in concentration of 600 miligram per liter of eshvarak extract was 71.62±1.24%. Moreover, the results showed the repellency percent of eshvarak more significantly affect than oleander in all concentrations. Repellency percent of adult psyllids affected in both concentration of 10000 ppm of eshvarak and oleander were 88.75±1.34% and 71.25±1.55 % respectively.
Research Paper
Physiology
Elham Danaee; Vahid Abdossi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 March 2021
Abstract
Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and crop production. Sodium nitroprusside also plays an important role as nitric oxide releasing compound in responding to biological and abiotic stresses and controlling plant growth. The aim of study was to investigate the effect of ...
Read More
Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting plant growth and crop production. Sodium nitroprusside also plays an important role as nitric oxide releasing compound in responding to biological and abiotic stresses and controlling plant growth. The aim of study was to investigate the effect of sodium nitroprusside on reducing effects of drought stress on Satureja hortensis, which is an abundant plant used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. For this purpose, the effect of sodium nitroprusside (0, 25 and 50 μM) and different drought levels (25, 50, 75 and 100% of FC) at 2019 in greenhouse condition on growth parameters and enzymatic activity were investigated as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized statistical design. Plants were sprayed with sodium nitroprusside in 6 to 8 leaf stage, after 24 hours, drought treatment was applied. The second stage of treatments was done one week after first stage and after two weeks, growth indices and enzymatic activity were measured. The results showed that increasing drought stress significantly decreased the fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots and chlorophyll and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, phenol, proline and essential oil. Simultaneous treatment of drought and sodium nitroprusside significantly increased growth parameters and activity of antioxidant enzymes by reducing drought-induced oxidative stress. The highest percentage of essential oil (1.71%) was obtained in foliar application with 50 μM sodium nitroprusside and 25% in field capacity. Finally, foliar application of sodium nitroprusside reduced the negative effects of drought stress on savory.
Research Paper
Biosystematic
Saeid Davazdahemami; Azadeh Akhavan; Mohammad Hossein Ehtemam
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 07 March 2021
Abstract
Rose is one of the most important genera of the Rosaceae family and Rosa damascena Mill. is the most prominent rose cultivated in Bulgaria, India, Turkey and Iran to produce perfume. In order to identify populations of R. damascena, morphological characteristics of this species were considered as the ...
Read More
Rose is one of the most important genera of the Rosaceae family and Rosa damascena Mill. is the most prominent rose cultivated in Bulgaria, India, Turkey and Iran to produce perfume. In order to identify populations of R. damascena, morphological characteristics of this species were considered as the first and most important criterion in explaining the genetic status. Samples were taken from 750 hectares of Kashan and other areas of Isfahan province such as Meymeh (Ziyad Abad), Chadegan, Semirom and Najaf Abad and in each specimen, the shape and color of the stem, spiny or spineless, leaf shape and its length, number of leaflet, length and width of terminal leaflet, color of upper and lower of leaf, edge and base of leaf, color and number of petals, number of stamen and at the end of season, shape and color of fruit and number of seeds per fruit were evaluated. Also, the morphology of ornamentation of seed surface of these populations was studied and compared using scanning electron microscopy. According to the results, the morphological traits of different populations known as Kashan and Kazeroon were not different, but the populations known as Tabriz and Meymand showed significant differences in number of spine, shape of fruit and seed number in fruit. No significant differences were observed in seed cover decorations for all types of R. damascena populations and this trait could not be used for separation of different populations.
Research Paper
Ecology
hassan salari; mehdi honarmand; Hossein Mozafari; mahdieh hosseinjanizadeh
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 07 March 2021
Abstract
Data spectroscopy using is one way to study the properties and properties of plants. Plants that exposure to heavy metals induces a stressful reaction that can affect the reflectance spectrum of the plant and its spectral response. Eucalyptus camaldulensis ,Ficus carica، Punica granatum and Cupressus ...
Read More
Data spectroscopy using is one way to study the properties and properties of plants. Plants that exposure to heavy metals induces a stressful reaction that can affect the reflectance spectrum of the plant and its spectral response. Eucalyptus camaldulensis ,Ficus carica، Punica granatum and Cupressus arizonica were used to investigate the spectroscopy as heavy metal-contaminated plants and non-contaminated at Gojar Mine in Kerman province. Also some plants from the around Mahan and Kerman were selected as control samples. The results of the spectroscopy of the Gojer mine plants showed differences in their spectral images with control plant samples. The accumulationability of plants Brassica napus, Cannabis sativa,Lepidiums ativumto absorb heavy metals carried out to investigate the spectral change caused via heavy metal accumulation.The absorption spectra of the tested and control plants were significantly different in all three plants. Spectral studies on Brassica napus, Cannabis sativa, Lepidiums ativum showed that these plants are useful in identifying areas that are heavily metal contaminated.
Research Paper
Tissue culture
Mahsa Khalafi; Younes Pourbeyrami hir; Esmaeil Chamani; Hassan Maleki Lajayer
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 07 March 2021
Abstract
Lily flower with a high economical potential, is one of the most important flowers between horticultural and ornamental crops in worldwide and occupies the fourth place among flowers. In order to investigate the effects of different concentration of Chitosan (0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 and 200 mg/L) ...
Read More
Lily flower with a high economical potential, is one of the most important flowers between horticultural and ornamental crops in worldwide and occupies the fourth place among flowers. In order to investigate the effects of different concentration of Chitosan (0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 and 200 mg/L) on regeneration and secondary metabolites production of two species of lily (L. ledebourii, L. dandie) in MS medium, an experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with 10 replications. The results of analysis of variance showed that chitosan significantly (P≤0.01) affected most of the morphological traits such as fresh weight, plant height, root numbers, bulblet numbers, percentage of regeneration, chlorophyll b, a and total and secondary phenol metabolites. The effects of chitosan on flavonoid was significant at 5% level. The mean comparison also revealed that the highest number and weight of bulblet in lilium ledebourii species was observed on MS medium containing 200 mg/l chitosan. However, the highest amount of plant height, root number, percentage of regeneration, chlorophyll a and b, total phenol and total flavonoid also was obtained in Lilium dandie species treated by 200 mg/l of chitosan. In conclusion, our findings highlight that the chitosan can positively affected regeneration of some lilium species.
Research Paper
Physiology
Neda Abbasi; Asghar Mirzaie-Asl; Leila Khodaei
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 07 March 2021
Abstract
Drought stress increases production of secondary metabolites in wide ranges of plants and accumulation of these components usually occurs under stress. Secondary metabolites are natural compounds produced by plants that play different physiological roles in plants. Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone, ...
Read More
Drought stress increases production of secondary metabolites in wide ranges of plants and accumulation of these components usually occurs under stress. Secondary metabolites are natural compounds produced by plants that play different physiological roles in plants. Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone, produces by some of Artemisia species. This secondary metabolite is one of the most important antimalarial drugs. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of drought stress on antioxidant enzymes activity and artimisinin content in Artemisia siberi. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in greenhouse with four treatments of irrigation regime (control, 70, 50 and 30 percent of field capacity. intermittent drought stress was performed for 8 weeks. Drought stress caused increased the antioxidant activity of ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Highest activity for these enzymes was observed at 30% of field capacity. The amount of artemisinin were not significantly different between drought treatments and control. The results showed that drought stress does not always increase secondary metabolites and medicinal compounds such as artemisinin.
Research Paper
Physiology
Faezeh Fazeli; Hassan Eyni
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 March 2021
Abstract
In order to investigate of different levels of south Tehran wastewater treatment plant irrigation on fenugreek phytoremediation potential, a completely randomized design with 5 treatments (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% wastewater) and 3 replicates carried out in a greenhouse experiment. Results showed that ...
Read More
In order to investigate of different levels of south Tehran wastewater treatment plant irrigation on fenugreek phytoremediation potential, a completely randomized design with 5 treatments (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% wastewater) and 3 replicates carried out in a greenhouse experiment. Results showed that soil chrome, copper, iron, nickel and zinc contents increased with the increase of wastewater irrigation levels. Besides, with the increase of wastewater level only iron in shoots increased and all of the heavy metals roots content decreased. Furthermore, the content of chromium, iron and zinc in roots were higher than in shoots and the content of these metals in roots higher than in soil. Soil copper and nickel contents were higher than roots and the content of these heavy metals were higher than shoots. Also, shoots and roots fresh and dry weights were decreased with the increase of wastewater levels. Therefore, it seems that fenugreek can effect on reducing chromium and zinc in soil, without transfer large amount of them to shoots.
Research Paper
Ecology
Morteza Ali khazani; Ahmad Alijanpour; Javad Motamedi; Esmaeil Sheidai Karkaj
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 March 2021
Abstract
Woody rangelands are a combination of tree plants in the upper stratum and herbaceous plants in the sub-stratum, both of which are interconnected. Upper stratum coatings have different effects on subterranean plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tree cover crown on the diversity ...
Read More
Woody rangelands are a combination of tree plants in the upper stratum and herbaceous plants in the sub-stratum, both of which are interconnected. Upper stratum coatings have different effects on subterranean plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tree cover crown on the diversity of subspecies in the Nejdarre reserve. For this purpose, three tree species, Acer monspessulanum, Pistacia atlantica and Crataegus azarollus were selected, which have relative importance in the herbaceous composition of the upper stratum. Using one-square-meter plots, the percentage of vegetation covered under trees and rangeland open space between trees (micro sites) was recorded. Species diversity indices were then calculated for each of them. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Duncan tests. According to the results, open tree-free micro-sites have higher species diversity compared to tree-lined micro-sites. In addition, the north and south directions of the slopes were not significantly different in terms of species diversity. P. atlantica had allelopathic and depressive effects compared to other species and C. azarollus increased the diversity indices in some cases. The results of regression analysis between species diversity indices under morphological cover and morphological characteristics of trees showed that with increasing trees height and decreasing their shading diametre, the under-species diversity increased significantly. Therefore, in order to increase the diversity of under-species species, tree management should be carried out to increase height of tree. In breeding projects, measures should be taken to increase the species without allopathy in the tree plant community.
Research Paper
Biotechnology
rahele ghanbari moheb seraj; Asadollah ahmadikhah; Vahid Shariati; Sara Dezhsetan
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 April 2021
Abstract
Water stress is one of the most important factors affecting the metabolic pathways in the plant and thus alters the synthesis and accumulation of natural compounds such as fatty acids and hydrocarbons in medicinal plants. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different levels of water stress ...
Read More
Water stress is one of the most important factors affecting the metabolic pathways in the plant and thus alters the synthesis and accumulation of natural compounds such as fatty acids and hydrocarbons in medicinal plants. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different levels of water stress (Full irrigation at field capacity, irrigation at 70% of field capacity and irrigation at 40% of field capacity) on fatty acid and hydrocarbon quantities of Milk thistle. Drought stress was applied at flowering stage. Then the oil extract was extracted from the seeds using Soxhlet method and analyzed by GC-MS. Information about the pathway of the reactions of the identified compounds was extracted from bioinformatics databases. The results showed that the yield of fatty acids and hydrocarbons increased with increasing drought stress intensity. The predominant fatty acids identified in Milk thistle oil extract was linoleic acid (15.2-27.4%) and its dominant hydrocarbon was dodecane (12.3-14.1%). The percentage of fatty acids detected under stress was reduced, probably due to their degradation into hydrocarbons to maintain osmotic pressure under dehydration.
Research Paper
Developmental
Arezoosadat Khafi; Alireza Iranbakhsh; Akbar Safipour; Ramazanali Khavarinejad
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 24 April 2021
Abstract
Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homologue (RBOH) is involved in the perception and response to environmental stresses in plants by producing reactive oxygen molecules. In the present study, the expression of RBOH gene and morphophysiological parameters of Citrullus colocynthis in different concentrations of ...
Read More
Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homologue (RBOH) is involved in the perception and response to environmental stresses in plants by producing reactive oxygen molecules. In the present study, the expression of RBOH gene and morphophysiological parameters of Citrullus colocynthis in different concentrations of nickel chloride were investigated. 15-day-old seedlings were treated with different concentrations of nickel chloride (0, 150, 300 and 450 µM). The results showed that with increasing nickel chloride concentration, shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight and relative water content decreased and the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and content of proline, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide increased significantly compared to the control group. Also, in treated plants, the uptake of elements such as manganese and zinc decreased. The expression level of RBOH gene also increased with increasing the amount of nickel chloride compared to untreated plants. According to the results of this study, nickel metal stress induces the expression of RBOH gene in C. colocynthis.
Research Paper
Biochemistry
Farinaz Zangeneh; Mohamad Javaheri; Maryam Kolahi; Elham Faghani
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 05 May 2021
Abstract
Cotton scientifically known as Gossypium hirsutum L. is a dwarf plant from the Malvaceae family and from the Gossypeae clan, that is native to tropical and subtropical regions. Cotton is one of the most important sources of oils globally and is rich in fiber and protein. It can also be used as animal ...
Read More
Cotton scientifically known as Gossypium hirsutum L. is a dwarf plant from the Malvaceae family and from the Gossypeae clan, that is native to tropical and subtropical regions. Cotton is one of the most important sources of oils globally and is rich in fiber and protein. It can also be used as animal feed. The purpose of this study was to compare the primary and secondary metabolites of the seed of two species, G. hirsutum L. and G. arboreum L. Compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids were detected in the two types of cotton. The biochemical properties of gossypol, flavonoid, flavonol, phenol and the antioxidant capacity of the cotton-seeds were evaluated. The results of the study indicated that G. arboreum L. as compared to G. hirsutum L. is valuable for use as animal feed and oil extraction, due to its higher amounts of fat, fiber and protein. A comparative study of the two species showed that both species had high antioxidant capacity and gossypol levels. Type G. hirsutum L. has greater quantities of phenol and flavonol than G. arboreum L. which can lead to the use of this species for breeding purposes and the creation of resistant strains to biological stress. The presence of large amounts of gossypol in the studied species indicates that consideration should be given for their utilization in various applications in the food and feed industry.
Research Paper
Physiology
mahboobeh Jalali; Hasan Abdollahi Moghaddam; fatemeh sohrabi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 11 May 2021
Abstract
Selenium is a beneficial element with antioxidant and antiviral properties that promotes plant growth. In order to investigate the effect of selenium on some morphological, physiological and quantitative and quality of lemon essential oil, an experiment was conducted with 5 treatments and 3 replications ...
Read More
Selenium is a beneficial element with antioxidant and antiviral properties that promotes plant growth. In order to investigate the effect of selenium on some morphological, physiological and quantitative and quality of lemon essential oil, an experiment was conducted with 5 treatments and 3 replications in hydroponic culture system. Selenium in form of sodium selenate was applied either in nutrient solution or by foliar spraying at levels (0, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 15µM). The results showed that selenium treatment significantly increased leaf dry weight, leaf area and total chlorophyll content in both application methods compared to the control. Application of 5 µM Se in nutrient solution and of 10µM Se by foliar spraying successfully enhanced total phenolic compounds and DPPH free radical scavenging in leaves. The lowest amount of malondialdehyde by foliar application (13.4) and addition to nutrient solution (10.7) was observed in 10 and 5 ?M treatments, respectively. Also, this element increased the amount of essential oil in the treatment levels of 5 ?M nutrient solution and 10 ?M foliar application by 94.92 and 100%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. The survey of essential oil components showed that the highest amount of oxygenated monoterpenes, especially citral (48.3%) was measured from foliar samples with a concentration of 10 ?M selenium. In fact, the results of this study showed that the selenium in low concentrations (5-10 ?M) had improving effects on growth, physiological and quantity and quality of essential oils of Lemon verbena.
Research Paper
Physiology
Mojdeh Sadat Khayat Moghadam; َAhmad Gholami; Amir Hossien Shirani Rad; Mahdi Baradaran Firoozabadi; hamid Abbasdokht
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 15 May 2021
Abstract
ABSTRACTDrought stress is one of the most impactive factors of Severe modification in plant physiology, eventually leading to a reduction in crop productivity. Increasing growth, yield, crop quality, and reducing the side effects of drought stress are some of the important roles that potassium silicate ...
Read More
ABSTRACTDrought stress is one of the most impactive factors of Severe modification in plant physiology, eventually leading to a reduction in crop productivity. Increasing growth, yield, crop quality, and reducing the side effects of drought stress are some of the important roles that potassium silicate plays in plants. In order to study the effects of late-season drought stress and foliar application of potassium silicate on yield and yield components of spring genotypes of canola, a factorial split-plot experiment was conducted in Karaj, Iran in a randomized complete block configuration with three replications for two years of cultivation (2016-2018). The irrigation was performed at two levels in this study, including routine irrigation (control) and interruption of irrigation from the pod formation stage. Potassium silicate foliar application at two levels comprised of 0 and 4 g liter-1 in factorial status in main plots and five Brassica napus L. genotypes including OG×AL, RGS×SLM, DALGAN, RGS003 and RGS×Okapi in subplots. The authors found that the interaction impact of irrigation, the application of potassium silicate foliar, the genotype of the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, the yield of seeds, the level of leaf proline, the glucosinolate and the temperature of the canopy were significant. It is proposed that OG×AL genotype be used in regular irrigation and application of potassium silicate and in late-season dry conditions and in the application potassium silicate of RGS×SLM and DALGAN genotypes.
Research Paper
Physiology
Nesa Gharehbaghli; Ali Sepehri
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 15 May 2021
Abstract
In order to study the effect of salinity stress and different concentrations of lead under the influence of stress ameliorator, a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experiment consisted of salinity stress at three levels (0, 25 and 75 mM ...
Read More
In order to study the effect of salinity stress and different concentrations of lead under the influence of stress ameliorator, a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experiment consisted of salinity stress at three levels (0, 25 and 75 mM of sodium chloride), lead in three concentrations (0, 10-5, 10-3 M of Lead nitrate) and stress ameliorators included 0 and 5 mg/L sodium selenate and 200 μm sodium hydrogen sulfide. The results showed that salinity and lead caused a significant reduction in root and shoot dry weight, absorption of potassium and zinc in root and shoot. Different concentrations of Lead had different effects on the studied traits. At 10-5 M of lead nitrate was observed, the reduction in absorption of lead and as a result improvement in root and shoot dry weight than without salinity. Whereas, application of selenium and hydrogen sulfide significantly improved the growth traits of garlic under salinity stress and Lead. Application of 5 mg/L sodium selenate and 200 μm sodium hydrogen sulfide cause reduce in the accumulation Pb in garlic seedlings and this is followed by an improvement in the content of the elements and as a result, growth increased under salinity stress and lead concentration especially at 10-5 Pb However, in the concentration of lead 10-3M, this effect was not observed. It is worth noting that in the present experiment, the positive effect of selenium on sodium hydrogen sulfide was more pronounced.
Research Paper
Zahra Azizi; Ali Deljou
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 June 2021
Abstract
It is a well established fact that stigma part of the Crocus sativus L. flower is the actual site for synthesis of many important carotenoids and apocarotenoids, and that too done at specific stages of development, but nothing is known about the mechanism that regulates its synthesis. Extensive researches ...
Read More
It is a well established fact that stigma part of the Crocus sativus L. flower is the actual site for synthesis of many important carotenoids and apocarotenoids, and that too done at specific stages of development, but nothing is known about the mechanism that regulates its synthesis. Extensive researches on enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of saffron apocartenoids, especially crocin, indicates the presence of one of these enzymes, CsLcy-β2a in the stigma and also it activates and boosts b-carotene accumulation. Transcription factors, as a group of regulators, regulate many developmental and physiological processes in plants via their ability to tissue-specific and time-specific binding to promoters of target genes in order to control of gene expression. In this study, constructs contains of sequences CsMYB, CsARF8, CsERF2, CsZinc-finger CCCH and sequence CsLcyβ2a promoter fused with firefly luciferase reporter gene made by GoldenBriad system, and they was transferred to tobacco leaves (Nicotiana benthamiana) by agro-infiltration .The interaction between transcription factors and promoter was evaluated using Dual-Luciferase System assays .luciferase/Renilla (Luc/Ren) luminescence ratio was changed for only one transcription factor )CsMYB). Taken together, our findings illustrate that CsMYB is a positive regulator of carotenoid/apocarotenoid biosynthetic pathway in saffron.
Research Paper
Tissue culture
Sudabe Jafari; Daryoush Davoodi; Houshang Alizadeh; Parissa Jonoubi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 24 June 2021
Abstract
Preparation of cell suspension is an important step in the study of plant cells which is often done by the culture of friable embryogenic callus. The primary objective of this research was to produce friable callus and to determine an optimum culture medium for the induction of friable callus in maize ...
Read More
Preparation of cell suspension is an important step in the study of plant cells which is often done by the culture of friable embryogenic callus. The primary objective of this research was to produce friable callus and to determine an optimum culture medium for the induction of friable callus in maize plant. Using two basic media, Murashige-Skoog and Chu, with different concentrations of 2, 4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and Benzyl adenine hormones (overall 16 different culture media), callus induction was performed on maize mature embryo explants. Selection criteria including high friable callus induction index, high callus size index, high callus fresh weight index, and low regeneration index were measured, and the mean values were compared using analysis of variance. Considering each of these selection criteria alone, different optimum media for callus induction were introduced. In order to determine one optimum medium considering all the criteria, the analytical hierarchy method was utilized. The optimum medium in this study was MS supplemented with 1 mg/L 2, 4-D wherein the induction, weight, and size indices were high, and the regeneration index was low. In order to evaluate and verify the selected medium, the explants were cultivated in in silico- selected medium and the growth curves were plotted for callus fresh and dry weights. Several successive subculturing of the callus was performed on the selected medium wherein no regeneration was observed. The results suggested the analytical hierarchy approach can be used as a reliable decision-making method for optimum-medium selection for inducing maize friable callus.
Research Paper
Ecology
Elham Harati; Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi; Fatemeh Nakhaei; Mohamad Javad Seghatoleslami
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 June 2021
Abstract
The medicinal plant of Pulicaria gnaphalodes which belongs to Asteraceae family, is a perennial, herbaceous and growing in some regions of Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the habitat and behavior characteristics of Pulicaria gnaphalodes in the ecosystem of Noferest region for 2 years to ...
Read More
The medicinal plant of Pulicaria gnaphalodes which belongs to Asteraceae family, is a perennial, herbaceous and growing in some regions of Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the habitat and behavior characteristics of Pulicaria gnaphalodes in the ecosystem of Noferest region for 2 years to evaluate the feasibility of domestication of this species. Systematic random sampling was used to determine the percentage of canopy cover, frequency and density. Characteristics of climatic, soil, phenology, morphological and yield traits, essential oil percent and reproduction method and preference value of the plant were investigated. The results showed that this species grows in Noferest habitat with an average annual rainfall of 176 mm, an average annual temperature of 16.5°C, canopy cover of 27%, frequency of 76% and density of 1650 plants per hectare. Soil experiments showed that Pulicaria gnaphalodes prefered sandy loam soil and soil acidity and electrical conductivity were 7.9 and 0.33 dS/m, respectively.T he highest percentage of shoot essential oil (0.5%) was obtained in full flowering stage. Phenological studies also showed that the vegetative growth of Pulicaria gnaphalodes started in mid-April and continued until late September. Flowering startede in early June and continued until late September. Seed maturation also started in early July. After maturation, the seeds fell off and the stagnation period started in early October.
Research Paper
Ecology
Zahra heidari ghahfarrokhi; pejman tahmasebi; Asghar shahrokhi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 July 2021
Abstract
This research aimed to determine the most important environment factors affecting morphological distribution of Salvia hydrangea DC. ex Benth in protected region of Tang-e-sayad of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. This species is one of the medicinal and aromatic plants found in the natural habitats ...
Read More
This research aimed to determine the most important environment factors affecting morphological distribution of Salvia hydrangea DC. ex Benth in protected region of Tang-e-sayad of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. This species is one of the medicinal and aromatic plants found in the natural habitats of mountainous areas of the country and contains essential oil of leafs and flowers. To measure morphological characteristics were taken 10 sample of S.hydrangea in each populations (5 plant stands). Leaf, sepal and corolla length and surface, flower stem and panicle inflorescence height and flower number of each panicle inflorescence were studied at the end of the growing season. In each plant populations, 2 soil sampling were executed of two depths 0-15 and 15-30 cm. Some soil parameters including texture, electrical conductivity, acidity, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus were measured. The average comparison results showed that there was a significant difference between the populations in terms of most traits. PLS analysis results also showed plant height had a positive correlation with apparent specific weight of first depth and had a negative correlation with the soil acidity of first depth. The flowers number in cycle and sepal surface had a positive correlation with slope, gravel, sand and calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE) of second depth. Panicle inflorescence height had a positive correlation with clay, EC and potassium. Leaf length and surface had a positive correlation with slope, sand, CCE and gravel of second depth. The analysis results can determine effective environmental factors on each morphological specification of the species.
Research Paper
Genetics
Samad Aliyoun nazari; Jafar Hajilou; mehrshad zeinalabedini
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 July 2021
Abstract
In sour cherry, as in other species of the genus Prunus, there is a gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) phenomenon. In this research, relations between pollen and pistil of 10 superior sour cherry genotype were investigated by using biological and molecular methods. In biological methods, pollen ...
Read More
In sour cherry, as in other species of the genus Prunus, there is a gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) phenomenon. In this research, relations between pollen and pistil of 10 superior sour cherry genotype were investigated by using biological and molecular methods. In biological methods, pollen grains are prepared in balloon stage (D phenological stage) and then after evaluating the growth and percentage of pollen germination in medium, in suitable time flowers were emasculated, open pollination, controlled self and cross pollination were carried out in the orchard. In the molecular method, PCR-based methods were used to identify S alleles. The results showed that the highest pollen germination was observed on the stigma in self-pollination, and regarding of the number of pollen tube at the upper and lower parts of the pistil and ovary, the highest was related to open pollinating. Nine known S-haplotypes (S4, S6, S9, S6m2, S24, S26, S35, S36b and S36a) were identified, that alleles S6/S6m2, S9, S24 have a high frequency. Our study showed the low diversity of S alleles between studied genotypes. According to the growth of pollen tubes in style and ovary in all cases of pollination all of studied genotypes are compatible.
Research Paper
Biotechnology
Samira Mohammadi; Ghorbanali Nematzadeh; Hamid Najafi Zarrini; seyedhamidreza Hashemi-petroudi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 July 2021
Abstract
NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) proteins are the plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that play roles in diverse developmental processes and stress responses. In the present study, a total of 68 NAC genes were identified in Aeluropus littoralis, a salt secreting halophytic grass, belongs to family ...
Read More
NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) proteins are the plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) that play roles in diverse developmental processes and stress responses. In the present study, a total of 68 NAC genes were identified in Aeluropus littoralis, a salt secreting halophytic grass, belongs to family Poaceae. By analysis of cis regulatory elements of AlNAC genes promoter, many cis-acting regulatory elements related to growth and development, phytohormone and stresses defense were found in the promoter of AlNAC genes. These hormone-responsive elements, include P-box, TCA element, CGTCA-motif and TGACG-motif, TGA-element, ERE and ABRE, which were associated with gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, Auxin, ethylene and abscisic acid response, respectively. For stress responsive elements, TC-rich repeats, ARE, MBS, LTR; and W box, can be noted which are related to defense and stress, anaerobic induction, drought inducibility, low-temperature inducibility, and wound stress, respectively. The different types of cis regulatory elements in the promoter of AlNAC genes and the variability in transcription factors associated with these regulatory elements indicates the important role of these genes in plant development and defense against stress. By analyzing AlNAC32 candidate gene expression using RT-qPCR it was revealed that AlNAC32 was up-regulated under salt, drought and ABA phytohormone stresses in leaf, stem and root tissues, implying its role in multiple abiotic stresses tolerance. These findings provided valuable information for further research on the functions and applications of AlNACs in A. littoralis growth and adaptation to stress.
Research Paper
Fatemeh Hajmoradi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 August 2021
Abstract
Geranium L., with about 423 species, is one of the most important genera of the Geraniaceae. In this study, about 67 populations of 10 species of Geranium in Iran were studied in terms of morphology, palynology and anatomy. Data from morphological and pollen studies were analyzed by MVSP 3.1 software. ...
Read More
Geranium L., with about 423 species, is one of the most important genera of the Geraniaceae. In this study, about 67 populations of 10 species of Geranium in Iran were studied in terms of morphology, palynology and anatomy. Data from morphological and pollen studies were analyzed by MVSP 3.1 software. For morphological studies, a total of 58 quantitative and qualitative characteristics were studied in different populations of each species. Pollen samples from each species were examined by light microscopy. For anatomical study, 8 traits were studied in pedicel of different species of Geranium. The studied species were divided into seven groups based on morphological data analysis and three groups based on palynological data analysis. The results of the three types of morphological, palynological and anatomical data showed that in studied species of Geranium, the value of data was different in separating the species. In some species the morphological data and in some others, pollen or anatomical data were effective.
Research Paper
Biotechnology
Arezoo Pourfarid; Ali Pakdin-Parizi; Reza Ghorbani Nasrabadi; Heshmatolah Rahimian
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 August 2021
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizas are able to reduce the adverse effects of biotic and abiotic stresses on crops. To investigate the effect of inoculation with Glomus mosseae on physiological characteristics of two rice cultivars under water deficit conditions, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete ...
Read More
Arbuscular mycorrhizas are able to reduce the adverse effects of biotic and abiotic stresses on crops. To investigate the effect of inoculation with Glomus mosseae on physiological characteristics of two rice cultivars under water deficit conditions, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in the greenhouse. Irrigation conditions included flooding, stop irrigation up to 70% and 50% of field capacity. In general, in both groups of plants, inoculated and control plants (non-inoculated), increased levels of phenol, tannin, glycine and betaine, as well as polyphenol oxidase and guaiacol peroxidase enzymes were observed under water deficit conditions. However, the change amount of each trait in inoculated plants was significantly higher than the non-inoculated plants. In case of stopped irrigation up to 70% of field capacity, the amount of proline, antioxidant enzymes in Nemat cultivar was higher than Tarom Hashemi, while Glycine betaine, tannin and phenol content was higher in Tarom Hashemi than Nemat cultivar. In case of stopped irrigation up to 50% of field capacity, the amount of phenol, tannin, glycine and betaine as well as antioxidant enzymes in Nemat cultivar was higher than Tarom Hashemi, which can be a reason for different effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on the response of rice cultivars to water deficit conditions. Based on the results, it seems that inoculation of rice plant with mycorrhizal fungus can play a role in reducing the adverse effects of water deficit in case of water shortage conditions during the critical stages of plant growth.
Research Paper
Cellular and molecular
mohammad hossein moazami; mahsa shahbandeh; mahsa amin salehi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 August 2021
Abstract
Nowadays, medicinal plants have the potential to discover new drugs. Liver cancer is known as one of the most common cancers in the world. F. carica is known as one of the most important medicinal plants around the world. In the present study, the antimicrobial and anticancer effects of F. carica were ...
Read More
Nowadays, medicinal plants have the potential to discover new drugs. Liver cancer is known as one of the most common cancers in the world. F. carica is known as one of the most important medicinal plants around the world. In the present study, the antimicrobial and anticancer effects of F. carica were measured at different concentrations. In the antimicrobial assay, all bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, Ecoli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were sensitive to the methanolic concentration of the extract. The MIC value was 8 µg/mL to 16 µg/mL and the MBC value was 16 µg/mL to 32 µg/mL. Hydroalcoholic extract of fig fruit with different concentrations (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 mg/mL) on the growth of HepG2 liver cancer cells and L929 fibroblasts as a control (24, 48 and 72h) were assessed by MTT test. The results showed that the effect of F. carica extract is dose and time-dependent and with increasing time the bioavailability of cells has decreased and at the time of incubation for 72 hours and a concentration of 1.5 mg/mL bioavailability of cells was observed to be 8%. The results demonstrated that IC50 was observed in 0.5 mg/mL (24h). According to the results, it can be claimed that F. carica extract in different concentrations has an inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria and liver cancer cells, so with further studies, this plant can be used in treatment.
Research Paper
Physiology
Saeed Rezaei; Mohammadesmaeel amiri; Abbas Bahari; farhang razavi; Morteza Soleimani Aghdam; hossein beyrami
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 August 2021
Abstract
Introduction: Anthocyanins are important compounds in strawberry fruit quality. There are different genes involved in the production and accumulation of these metabolites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar application of iron, determine the optimal concentration and study ...
Read More
Introduction: Anthocyanins are important compounds in strawberry fruit quality. There are different genes involved in the production and accumulation of these metabolites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar application of iron, determine the optimal concentration and study its effect on the expression pattern of genes involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins of strawberry fruit of Camarossa cultivar during developmental stages.Material and Methods: The experiment was factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. So that, first in a preliminary experiment strawberry plants were sprayed with 14% iron chelate at concentrations of 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, and 2000 µmol/L. Then properties were evaluated after foliar application. Results and Discussion: According to the results, fruits sprayed with iron at a concentration of 1400 μmol/L showed the highest level of total anthocyanin. Also, the application of selective concentrations of iron accelerated the ripening of fruits, which in the end, a concentration of 1400 μmol/L was considered as the optimal concentration. Increased expression of FaSUT1, FaMYB1, FaPAL, FaCHS genes and decreased expression of FaMYC1 gene in fruits treated with iron chelate 14% at a concentration of 1400 μmol/L can be a reason for increased accumulation of anthocyanins. Conclusion: Therefore, in order to produce strawberry greenhouses and cultivate them in a soilless environment, according to the results of this study, in order to increase anthocyanins contents, a concentration of 1400 μmol/L of iron can be suggested by foliar application.
Research Paper
Natural resources
Hatam Monfaredi; Roghayeh Jahdi; Kambiz Taheri Abkenar
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 August 2021
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of maple trees in the plantation of Lomar Asalem,. The measurement and comparison of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of maple trees and regeneration status in plantation and natural forests and ...
Read More
The main purpose of this study was to determine the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of maple trees in the plantation of Lomar Asalem,. The measurement and comparison of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of maple trees and regeneration status in plantation and natural forests and compared to other species is concerned. This study was conducted in Maple plantations at the age of 25 based on a systematic random sampling method with 30 sample plots of 400 m2. The results of t-test showed a significant difference between the number of trees per hectare, basal area, volume, slenderness coefficient and diameter growth of the maple trees in the two areas. However, there was no significant difference in the mean height of trees in the two regions and their height growth. In terms of qualitative characteristics, there was no significant difference in the trunk health of maple trees in the two areas. However, there was a significant difference at the level of 0.05 compared to the trunk form of these trees between the two areas. Significant differences were observed in the crown symmetry of the maple trees in the two areas, but there was no significant difference in the crown health and vitality of these trees. Regeneration density in the natural forest was higher than in the plantation. While the frequency of healthy seedlings and single trunk seedlings in the plantation was significantly higher than natural forest. Plantation in the area had a suitable condition in terms of quantity and quality than natural forest.
Research Paper
Zahra Mahmoudi Rad; Hassan Nourafcan; Naser Mohebalipour; Assad Assadi; Soleiman Jamshidi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 07 September 2021
Abstract
Milk thistle with its active ingredient silymarin, is effective in treating various liver diseases and has antimicrobial properties. An experiment aimed at study of the chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity of alcoholic extract of milk thistle seed on 8 species of gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus ...
Read More
Milk thistle with its active ingredient silymarin, is effective in treating various liver diseases and has antimicrobial properties. An experiment aimed at study of the chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity of alcoholic extract of milk thistle seed on 8 species of gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella enterica, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli (E.coli), Shigella Dysenteria, Klebsiella Pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. by using disk diffusion and macrodilution methods was conducted based on a completely randomized design in the veterinary laboratory of Miyaneh Branch of Islamic Azad University in 2017. The composition of methanolic extract of milk thistle seeds were evaluated using HPLC and the presence of two substances, silybin A and B, were identified as the main constituents of silymarin. In the antibacterial test, methanolic extract of milk thistle seeds was effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella enterica, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli but had less inhibitory effect compared to Gentamicin and Ampicillin. In disk diffusion, Staphylococcus aureus had the highest inhibitory zone and the highest MIC and MBC. In Bacillus cereus and Salmonella enterica, the growth inhibition zone diameter was approximately equal to that of Staphylococcus, and Proteus and Escherichia coli showed a smaller diameter zone than Staphylococcus. It seems that milk thistle methanolic extract contains antiseptic substances with antibacterial effects. Therefore, it is recommended to study other strains.
Research Paper
Developmental
Zahra Baghaeifar; Ebrahim Hosseininiya; A Mehrafza; L Khodaei; F Ghadirpour
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 October 2021
Abstract
The present research aims to study pollen grain and ovule development in Ageratum houstonianum. It can be suitable pattern for several species of capitule inflorescence, The flowers and buds in different developmental stages were removed, fixed in FAA70, stored in 70% ethanol, embedded in paraffin and ...
Read More
The present research aims to study pollen grain and ovule development in Ageratum houstonianum. It can be suitable pattern for several species of capitule inflorescence, The flowers and buds in different developmental stages were removed, fixed in FAA70, stored in 70% ethanol, embedded in paraffin and sectioned with a thickness of 5-7 μm by microtome. Staining was carried out with Eosine and Hematoxylin. Then slides were studied using light microscope and were photographed. Results indicated that in bisexual florets, consist of five stamens with free filaments and apart from each other. Anthers are tetrasporangiated and development of anther wall is of dicotyledonus type and composed of one-layered epidermis, an endothecium, one middle layer and tapetum. the tapetum was plasmodial. Microspore tetrads are tetrahedral. Pollen grains are three colpated with echinated sculpturing, at the shedding time. Ovule was anatropous, unitegumic and tenuinucellate. Cell division of megaspore mother cells is of both longitudinal and transverse type and resulted to form linear or massive tetrads.The embryo sac development is of the polygonum type. Results of this research showed the presence of formed crystals in anther, the layer endothecium wall anther, epidermal cells of ovary, ovule, style, stigma and petal that was species specific characteristic. secretory (papillate) epidermis on the adaxial surface of petals, On the outer surface of petal long, filamentous and one-celled trichoms were visible.
Research Paper
Physiology
Azam Salimi; elahe khosravi; maryam chavoushi; hanieh zeidi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 October 2021
Abstract
Portulaca oleracea L. is a medicinal plant of the family Portulacaceae. Salinity stress is one of the most important factors limiting the growth and development of plants, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Chitosan is a biological elicitor and is a major component of the cell wall of many species ...
Read More
Portulaca oleracea L. is a medicinal plant of the family Portulacaceae. Salinity stress is one of the most important factors limiting the growth and development of plants, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Chitosan is a biological elicitor and is a major component of the cell wall of many species of fungi. In this study effects of salinity and chitosan stress on physiological parameters and growth parameters of the Portulaca oleracea L were studied. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete design with 3 replications. For this purpose, the plant was exposed to different treatments of NaCl (0, 25 and 35 ds m-1), chitosan (0, 0.2 and 0.4 g l-1) Plants were harvested after treatment. Different morphological and physiological parameters were studied for different treatments. By measuring growth parameters and according to broiler and halophytic characteristics of the plant, the salinity 25 ds m-1 as a favorable growth and salinity 35 dsm-1 showed a decrease in growth in the plant. Salinity stress increased catalase enzyme activity, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and flavonoid content but reduced anthocyanine. Interaction of salinity and Chitosan increased growth of purslane, phenol, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase enzyme activity and reduced catalase enzyme activity and anthocyanine content. In this study chitosan is improving agent in stress conditions and improved the physiological and biochemical traits associated with oxidative stress. Considering the growing salinity of the country, it is important to use the elicitors, especially chitosan, as a biopolymer that reduces the effects of salinity stress on the Portulaca oleracea L.
Research Paper
Physiology
Zargham Zare; leila Pishkar; alireza iranbakhsh; Daryush Talei
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 October 2021
Abstract
With the dramatic increase in nanotechnologies, it has become probable that biological systems will be exposed to an excess of nanoparticles (NPs). Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is an annual grassy plant that has some pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, analgesic, wound healing, skeletal ...
Read More
With the dramatic increase in nanotechnologies, it has become probable that biological systems will be exposed to an excess of nanoparticles (NPs). Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is an annual grassy plant that has some pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, analgesic, wound healing, skeletal muscle-relaxant, anti-inflammatory and a radical scavenger. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/L) on the growth and biomass production, photosynthetic pigments, proline, flavonoid and phenolic compounds, gas exchange capacity and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were investigated in purslane plants. The results showed that AgNPs treatments significantly inhibited biomass production and the growth of root and shoot, and decreased the content of chlorophylls a and b at high concentrations (20, 40 and 80 mg/L), while, the AgNPs treatments increased the content of carotenoids, anthocyanins and phenolic compounds compared to control treatment. By increasing the concentration of AgNPs, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, photochemical quenching coefficient and effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry declined. The measurements of Chl a fluorescence showed that strong evidence of inhibitory effects on energy transfer from light-harvesting complexes to reaction centres, the deterioration of the PSII water splitting system and the inactivation of PSII reaction centres at high concentrations of AgNPs. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that AgNPs induced an inhibitory mechanism on photosynthetic processes and biomass of purslane plants.
Research Paper
abbas abhari
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 October 2021
Abstract
In order to predict the effect of changes in temperature, radiation and humic acid on wheat yield, a factorial experiment was used in a completely randomized block design with three replications in 2016-2017. Treatments included wheat cultivation in Back cross of Roshan cultivar in two types of clay-loam ...
Read More
In order to predict the effect of changes in temperature, radiation and humic acid on wheat yield, a factorial experiment was used in a completely randomized block design with three replications in 2016-2017. Treatments included wheat cultivation in Back cross of Roshan cultivar in two types of clay-loam and loam-sandy soil (two locations) in four levels of humic acid spraying (0, 5, 10 and 15 gr/1000) in stem elongation. The results showed that by consuming 15 gr/1000 of humic acid per hectare in two types of soil, the highest yield (clay-loam and loam-sand, respectively, 7800.3 and 5270 kg / h) was produced. In the loam-sandy soil, the amount of proline and chlorophyll content of amino acids increased with increasing consumption of humic acid. Changes in photothermal ratio of booting stage to pollination in contrast to the amount of humic acid follow the second order equation. Humic acid consumption reduced the photothermal ratio, and this decrease as a result of consumption of humic acid had a positive effect on increasing the length of developmental stages. The grain yield per unit area corresponded to the photothermal ratio of booting stage to pollination from the second order equation. Humic acid increased the chlorophyll content (53.3 to 57.26 SPAD) and proline content of leaves (295 to 376.1 mg/kg leaf); thereby it caused the adjustment of thermal stress and increasing the length of the growing season. Clay-loamy soil produced higher grain yield than loam-sandy under both consumption and non-consumption of humic acid.
Research Paper
Developmental
Mehdi Rostami; Hossein Abbaspour; Akbar Safipour; Ghadir Taheri
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 30 October 2021
Abstract
Past studies have already determined that selenium is very effective in alleviating oxidative damage caused by various abiotic stresses in plants. This study investigated the effects of selenium on the growth and physiological traits of basil under arsenic toxicity. The results showed that growth parameters ...
Read More
Past studies have already determined that selenium is very effective in alleviating oxidative damage caused by various abiotic stresses in plants. This study investigated the effects of selenium on the growth and physiological traits of basil under arsenic toxicity. The results showed that growth parameters including root and shoot length and root and shoot weight under arsenic toxicity, especially at high concentrations, were significantly reduced compared to the control plants. Also, in severe arsenic toxicity, the content of photosynthetic pigments, nitrogen, and protein concentrations decreased and the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes increased compared to the basil plants without stress. Selenium foliar spray, especially at a concentration of 5 mg/l on plants, both under stress and without stress, led to increased growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, nitrogen, and protein content. In addition, the use of sodium selenate at low concentrations reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes and at high concentrations increased their activity under arsenic toxicity compared to control plants. In general, it seems that selenium has reduced the toxic effects of arsenic in basil by enhancing its antioxidant activity and improving plant growth.
Research Paper
Physiology
Asieh Safari; Mohsen Saiedi; Zahra Kolahchi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 30 October 2021
Abstract
The use of organic and chemical fertilizers as amendments of properties of soil can be one of the strategies to reduce the adverse effects of drought stress. The effect of potassium sulfate, compost, and biochar on leaf dry matter, gaseous exchanges, instantaneous and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEinst ...
Read More
The use of organic and chemical fertilizers as amendments of properties of soil can be one of the strategies to reduce the adverse effects of drought stress. The effect of potassium sulfate, compost, and biochar on leaf dry matter, gaseous exchanges, instantaneous and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEinst and WUEi, respectively) of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivar ‘Bidaneh-Ghermez’ evaluated under two conditions: without water stress condition (field capacity (FC)) and irrigation in 40% FC. The experiment was conducted in a factorial of random complete blocks experiment design in the greenhouse. The results showed that the interaction effect of water stress and fertilizers’ treatments was significant for photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and WUEinst. Drought stress significantly reduced photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration of grapevines leaf. Fertilizers’ application compensated drought stress. WUEinst was higher in organic treatments compared with chemical treatment. WUEi for fertilizers’ treatment in drought stress conditions was higher than those in unstressed conditions. The highest K+ concentration of grapevines leaf 1.77 and 1.60% was observed in biochar treatment under both unstressed and stressed conditions. The dry matter of grapevines leaf had no significant differences for all experimental treatments under unstressed conditions and potassium sulfate and biochar under stressed conditions. The dry matter of grapevines leaf for compost treatment was significantly lower than the above-mentioned treatments. According to the results of this research, could be concluded that the application of fertilizers especially biochar can be considered to reduce drought stress of grapevines cultivar ‘Bidaneh-Ghermez’.
Research Paper
Ecology
Nateq Lashkari Sanami; Jamshid Ghorbani; Seyed Hassan Zali; Ghorban Vahabzadeh
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 31 October 2021
Abstract
Plants growth in mining environments are restricted by waste properties. A knowledge of plant species response to waste characteristics is necessary for restoration of mine areas. In this study the ecological preferences to physical and chemical properties of coal wastes were evaluated for Artemisia ...
Read More
Plants growth in mining environments are restricted by waste properties. A knowledge of plant species response to waste characteristics is necessary for restoration of mine areas. In this study the ecological preferences to physical and chemical properties of coal wastes were evaluated for Artemisia scoparia, Artemisia absinthium, Capparis spinosa and Bassia prostrata which are naturally colonized on coal waste. Plant species abundance and wastes (up to 20 cm in depth) were sampled in 138 plots. Plant species responses were assessed using HOF model. Results showed that A. scoparia and A. absinthium had an optimum where the clay and silt increased while C. spinosa and B. prostrata had a wide ecological niche for sand. All species showed an optimum response where coal wastes had low moisture content. A niche separation was found for B. prostrata along the gradient of electrical conductivity. A. scoparia, C. spinosa, and B. prostrata had similar ecological niche in response to soil pH, although C. spinosa preferred lower pH. A. scoparia was found in a wide range of N, P, and organic matter. The results indicated that A. scoparia positively responded to all heavy metals with plateau (III) response to Cu and Ni and bimodal (VII) to Zn and Pb. Plant species responded differently to physical and chemical properties of coal wastes and the most frequent response shape were IV and VII.
Research Paper
Physiology
mehdi parsa; Reza Kamaei; behnaz yousefi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 November 2021
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of various irrigation regimes and different fertilizer combinations on some morphological and physiological traits of Mentha piperita, a greenhouse experiment was carried out at the research greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, during growing season 2017-2018. ...
Read More
In order to evaluate the effect of various irrigation regimes and different fertilizer combinations on some morphological and physiological traits of Mentha piperita, a greenhouse experiment was carried out at the research greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, during growing season 2017-2018. The experiment was conducted in factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replicates. Factors were consisted of different irrigation regimes levels: 100% FC, 75% FC and 50% FC, and different biological and chemical fertilizers combinations including:1-biochemical bacterial NPK + NPP, 2- NPP bio-fertilizer, 3-NPK, 4-micronutrient fertilizer (MIC), 5-MIC + amino acid fertilizer (AP). The results showed that interaction of irrigation regimes and different biofertilizers on Proline had different significant at 5% level. The highest proline amount (0.22 mg /g fresh weight) were obtained in irrigation of 100% FC and NPK + NPP combination fertilizer treatments. Also, the results of variance analysis showed that the main effects of irrigation regimes and fertilizer types on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, total chlorophyll, ascorbate enzyme, catalase, peroxidase and essential oil percentage were significant. The results show that biofertilizers application decreased the antioxidant enzymes activity compared to other chemical fertilizers, slowly supply of nitrogen and phosphorus through the use of bio fertilizers during plant growth, likely this could reduce the intensity of stress in plants by providing the balanced plant nutrient and enough energy to grow and survive the plant and the antioxidant enzymes activity has also decreased due to the decrease in stress.
Research Paper
Physiology
Masoumeh Kharazmi; Nayer Mohammadkhani; Moslem Servati
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 November 2021
Abstract
Since the ultimate goal in the cultivation of medicinal plants is to achieve secondary metabolites, Phosphorus is one of the macro nutrients and plays an important role in plant growth and essential oil biosynthesis that its deficiency reduces the growth and function of the plant. In order to evaluate ...
Read More
Since the ultimate goal in the cultivation of medicinal plants is to achieve secondary metabolites, Phosphorus is one of the macro nutrients and plays an important role in plant growth and essential oil biosynthesis that its deficiency reduces the growth and function of the plant. In order to evaluate the effect of phosphorus deficiency on growth factors and essential oil quality of Salvia officinalis L. and Mentha aquatica L. an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications including phosphorus treatment at two levels of control and phosphorus deficiency on Salvia officinalis L. and Mentha aquatica L. plants. Phosphorous deficiency caused decrease in growth factors in both plants. Mean comparisons showed that phosphorus deficiency decreased root and shoot length and dry weights in Salvia and Mentha. There was a significant positive correlation between shoot dry weight and shoot length (P<0.01, r= 0.875) and leaf area (P<0.01, r= 0.914). Therefore, according to the results it seems that P deficiency in a controlled way can increase the essential oil content by increasing the content of some essential oil components in Salvia and Mentha.
Research Paper
Physiology
Ali Haji M ohammadi; Reza Zarghami; Ali Kashani; Hossein Heydari Sharifabad; Ghorban Nour Mohammadi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 November 2021
Abstract
The current research is conducted to investigate the effect of application of mycorrhiza treated soil under water deficit stress on some morphophysiological and biochemical traits of stevia plants obtained from tissue culture. The experiment was done in a greenhouse condition with treatments of two mycorrhiza ...
Read More
The current research is conducted to investigate the effect of application of mycorrhiza treated soil under water deficit stress on some morphophysiological and biochemical traits of stevia plants obtained from tissue culture. The experiment was done in a greenhouse condition with treatments of two mycorrhiza species at four levels (M1: without mycorrhiza, M2: Glomus mosseae, M3: Glomus intraradices, M4: mixed of both species) and application of water deficit. The irrigation was applied at four levels as follows: I1: maintaining soil moisture at 100% of field capacity, I2: irrigation after reaching 75% of field capacity, I3: irrigation after reaching 50% of field capacity, I4: irrigation after reaching 25% of field capacity. The statistical model was factorial experiment using completely randomized design with 6 replications. Application of mycorrhiza species in water deficit stress conditions dued to 1.70, 4.11, 1.73 and 4.32 fold increase in leaf greenness index, total plant dry weight, main stem height and leaf area parameters, respectively. In addition, these treatments caused to 1.66, 6.13, 29.6 and 1.30 fold increase of potassium, glucose, fructose and total soluble sugars in stevia plants. Under moderate and severe water deficit stress, the use of a mixture of mycorrhiza species in treatments M4I4 and M4I3 compared to treatments M1I4 and M1I3 (without mycorrhiza fungus) increased more than threefold the leaf area of stevia tissue culture plants that positive root symbiosis stevia plants were well clarified by mixing two species of mycorrhizal fungi under water deficit stress and irrigation restrictions.
Research Paper
Biotechnology
Sakar Hosseini; Asad Maroufi; Seyed Hassan Hassani
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 November 2021
Abstract
Important monoterpenes such as camphor and fenchol are components of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil. Monoterpene synthases are suitable target genes for metabolic engineering in Lavender. This study was performed to analyze the expression and induction of the two key genes (borneol synthase ...
Read More
Important monoterpenes such as camphor and fenchol are components of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil. Monoterpene synthases are suitable target genes for metabolic engineering in Lavender. This study was performed to analyze the expression and induction of the two key genes (borneol synthase and fenchol synthase) involved in monoterpenes biosynthetic pathway in lavender after elicitation by methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid. First, plants in the pre-flowering and post-flowering stages were treated separately by methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid, each at a concentration of 1 mM. Then, plant leaves were harvested 0 (control), 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatments for gene expression analysis. The results showed that the expression of these genes was affected by salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate treatment. In general, the expression of both genes in the pre-flowering stage was higher than that of post-flowering. Moreover, the expression of borneol synthase was more affected by methyl jasmonate, so that its expression trend was completely increased up to 72 hours. Given the increased expression of borneol synthase and fenchol synthase in plants treated with salicylic acid, and methyl jasmonate it could be expected that the content of valuable monoterpenes such as camphor and fenchol increase in lavender.
Research Paper
Tissue culture
Mohamad Zarei; Mahdi Alizadeh; Sara Khorasaninejad; Mostafa Khoshal Sarmast
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 November 2021
Abstract
Numerous factors limit the plant propagation under in vitro conditions. Tissue browning is a serious problem in the establishment of explants in woody perennials and complicates the successful implementation of in vitro techniques. To solve this problem, application of activated charcoal resources was ...
Read More
Numerous factors limit the plant propagation under in vitro conditions. Tissue browning is a serious problem in the establishment of explants in woody perennials and complicates the successful implementation of in vitro techniques. To solve this problem, application of activated charcoal resources was used, hence by controlling the effect on browning of plant tissue culture media the concentration of phenolic compounds was reduced. Furthermore, some easy methods were followed to solve the problem of oxidative browning, especially in Paulownia and Grapevine explants. The present study was conducted in Tissue Culture Laboratory, Dep. of Horticulture, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The basal MS medium supplemented with IBA (2 and 4 mg / l, for Grapevine and Paulownia, respectively), was fortified with different concentrations of activated charcoal and carbon nanotubes (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/l). The estimation of phenolic compounds was performed with the calorimetric Folin-Ciocaltea method at 760 nm. The experiment was undertaken as completely randomized design. The results showed that both activated charcoal and carbon nanotubes had positive and significant effects on the absorption of phenol in the culture medium and the propagation of in vitro explants. The results of this study indicated that concentrations of 400 mg/l activated charcoal and 200 mg/l carbon nanotubes can be used as phenol-absorbing carbon sources in the culture media of these plants. Also, after minor modifications, the results of the present may be utilized in commercial propagation of other crops and plant species.
Research Paper
Physiology
shabnam jalili; Seyedmerteza Javadirad
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 22 November 2021
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most cultivated forage legume in Iran that productivity and quality of that are limited by salt stress. Melatonin as an indole amine was used for this study, with different concentrations of melatonin (0.1, 10 and 15 μM) under in vitro salt stress (150 and 200 mM ...
Read More
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most cultivated forage legume in Iran that productivity and quality of that are limited by salt stress. Melatonin as an indole amine was used for this study, with different concentrations of melatonin (0.1, 10 and 15 μM) under in vitro salt stress (150 and 200 mM NaCl) of alfalfa seedlings which by increasing salinity, growth rate as well as antioxidant power and synthesis of antioxidant compounds decreased. Growth parameters and defense system such as antioxidant enzymes were reduced in plants under salt stress. Exogenous utilization of melatonin in alfalfa significantly elevated fresh and dry weight, shoot length, photosynthetic pigments and carotenoid content. Melatonin application was augmented phenolic compounds such as total phenol, flavonoids and also antioxidant enzymes, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL). According to our findings, Melatonin could be an excellent candidate for increasing salt resistance, by antioxidant capacity, scavenging ROS, reducing oxidative damage, augmented of non-enzymatic antioxidant such as phenolic compounds and on the other hand increasing the photosynthetic capacity of the plant by preserving photosynthetic pigments in alfalfa seedlings.
Research Paper
Ecology
Mansour Jahantigh; Moien Jahantigh
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 November 2021
Abstract
To conduct this research, first by preparing the land use map using Landsat 8 OLI sensor images and its combination with geological map, homogeneous units were determined and sampling was done in randomly-systematically in the representative areas of each plant community. Sampling was done along 3 transects ...
Read More
To conduct this research, first by preparing the land use map using Landsat 8 OLI sensor images and its combination with geological map, homogeneous units were determined and sampling was done in randomly-systematically in the representative areas of each plant community. Sampling was done along 3 transects of 500m which were vertical, in each site. In each transect placed 10 plots of 3×3m2 at a distance of 50 meters from each other And characteristics related to any plant including vegetative form, scientific name, genus, canopy percentage were harvested. Also, 48 soil samples were taken from a depth of 0-20cm and properties such as soil texture, organic matter, salinity, pH and adsorption ratio sodium were measured. To classification plant communities and investigate the relationships between these communities and soil properties using cluster analysis and principal components analysis respectively in Rstudio software. According to the cluster analysis results, four plant communities were identified and tamarix stricta and Suaeda fruticosa plant species with shrub-shrub vegetative form had the highest frequency with 37.2% and 26.5%, respectively. Results of ANOVA indicated that there were significant differences between some soil properties in identified plant communities. There is also a relationship between the plant communities distribution and environmental factors (p<0.05). The results also showed that the most important factors affecting the establishment and distribution of plant communities in the study area are the percentage of sand, electrical conductivity, sodium absorption ratio and percentage of organic matter
Research Paper
Genetics
Jafar Ahmadi; Amir Abbas Taghizadeh; Daryosh Atashkar
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 30 November 2021
Abstract
Abstract
One of the basic requirements before starting any breeding program is to identify the relationships and genetic diversity in the population and to recognition the target traits. This study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity among some European pear cultivars using fruit's ...
Read More
Abstract
One of the basic requirements before starting any breeding program is to identify the relationships and genetic diversity in the population and to recognition the target traits. This study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity among some European pear cultivars using fruit's key traits of these cultivars. Eleven European pear cultivars were used for this study along with two control cultivars Shahmiveh and Sardrodi. Thirteen cultivars were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications and during three crop years ten key traits including fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit texture firmness, fruit length to diameter ratio, TSS, pH, acidity, fruit set and fruit yield were recorded for each tree. Combined variance analysis of the data showed that the cultivar component was significant for all studied traits at the level of 1% probability. The highest fruit weight among the cultivars belonged to Nart cultivar with an average fruit weight of 374.38 g and the highest fruit yield belonged to Mellina cultivar with a yield of 10.07 kg per tree. With the principal component analysis, the studied traits in the first four components explained 87.66% of the total variance. With cluster analysis, Nart cultivar was placed in a cluster alone due to the high differences in its traits and appearance, and Decandel, Pacham's Triumph, Abate fetel and Mellina cultivars were distinguished as superior from the two control cultivars due to their favorable fruit characteristics.
Research Paper
Biotechnology
Maryam Pasandideh Arjmand; Habibollah Samizadeh Lahiji; Mohammad Hasan Ali Biglouei; Mohammad Mohsenzadeh Golfazani
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 December 2021
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding, and regulatory molecules that play an important role in post gene expression regulation in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although Canola (Brassica napus) is a globally important oilseed, little is known about its regulation mechanisms target genes ...
Read More
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding, and regulatory molecules that play an important role in post gene expression regulation in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although Canola (Brassica napus) is a globally important oilseed, little is known about its regulation mechanisms target genes of drought-responsive miRNAs. Then, in this study drought-responsive miRNAs target genes of bna-miR156b, bna-miR156c, bna-miR156g, bna-miR171a, bna-miR171d, bna-miR171e, bna-miR172d, bna-miR399a, bna-miR399b, bna-miR396a, bna-miR395d, bna-miR395e and bna-miR395f in Canola were identified by bioinformatics tools. Molecular function, biological process, cellular component, proteins interaction, and relation of their pathways were investigated. In the present study were identified 225 target genes for miRNAs. Bioinformatics study showed that ribosome, proteasome, and chaperon-related genes of RPP1C, RPL36AA, RPL9D, RPS11, RPT1A, RPT2a, RPT4A, RPN11, HSF1, HSFA1E, HSF4, and HSFB2B are targets of drought-responsive miRNAs of bna-miR172d ،bna-miR156b/c/g، bna-miR860، bna-miR396a and bna-miR395d. Ribosomes, proteasomes, and chaperons are regulated by drought-responsive miRNAs for protein regulation and stress tolerance under drought conditions. Laboratory study of identified genes in this study can be a fundamental step in the production of drought-resistant Canola cultivars in inbreeding and genetic engineering programs.
Research Paper
Physiology
Behzad Kaviani; Fariborz Karimi; Davood Hashemabadi; Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh; Mohammad Hossein Ansari; Firoozeh Pourzarnegar
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 December 2021
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa L. Duch.) from the family Rosaceae is a hybrid species belongs to Fragaria that is cultivating in broad surface all over the world for the use of its fruit. The use of organic fertilizers and soilless ture beds instead of inorganic fertilizers and soil culture has ...
Read More
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa L. Duch.) from the family Rosaceae is a hybrid species belongs to Fragaria that is cultivating in broad surface all over the world for the use of its fruit. The use of organic fertilizers and soilless ture beds instead of inorganic fertilizers and soil culture has been recommended for increasing the yield of the plants especially agronomic and horticultural species. In the present investigation, four types of cultivation beds; peat + perlite + sand (b1), cocopeat + perlite + sand (b2), cocopeat + perlite + sand + composted azolla (b3), perlite + sand + composted azolla (b4) and spraying by concentrations of 0, 0.5 and 1.5 mg l–1 humic acid were evaluated on function of Fragaria. Results showed that the interaction of humic acid and cultivation bed was significant on most traits. Concentration of 1.5 mg l–1 humic acid and b4 cultivation bed had the maximum impact on changing the most measured traits especially increase of fruit function.
Research Paper
Natural resources
Fatemeh Askari; Ebrahim Sharifi Ashoorabadi; Maryam Teimouri; Atefeh Bahmanzadegan
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 18 December 2021
Abstract
In this study, antimicrobial effects of two accession of Thymus fedtschenkoi originated from Semnan and Zanjan against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Bacillus subtilis were investigated. The essential oil was extracted by Clevenger apparatus and ...
Read More
In this study, antimicrobial effects of two accession of Thymus fedtschenkoi originated from Semnan and Zanjan against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Bacillus subtilis were investigated. The essential oil was extracted by Clevenger apparatus and compounds identified by GC and GC-MS instruments. Disc diffusion and microdilution methods were used to determine antimicrobial activity. The experiment was done on factorial design based on complete randomized design. The effect of microorganism type (as first factor) and essential oil concentration and antibiotics (as second factor) and their interaction was evaluated. According to the results, essential oil yield was %0.73 and %0.95 in Zanjan and %0.83 and %0.86 in Semnan accession in two successive years. The main chemical compounds of Zanjan accession was p-cymene, linalool, thymol and carvacrol and Semnan accession was p-cymene, thymol and carvacrol. Statistical analysis showed that the effect of microorganism type, essential oil concentration and their interaction on inhibition zone was significant at 1% level. In Semnan accession, the highest diameter of inhibition zone was observed in C. albicans and in dilution of one fifth of essential oil. C. albicans and B. subtilis had the most sensivity to Zanjan accession and C. albicans to Semnan accession. The observed difference in antimicrobial effects can be related to difference in chemical composition and their activity.
Research Paper
Shahla Shameh; Javier Palazon
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 December 2021
Abstract
Genetic engineering and elicitors are useful strategies to optimize high level production of secondary metabolites. In this study, hairy roots were produced with inoculated cotyledon explants of Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. with strain A4 of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and strain C58C1 (pRiA4-pBMI) carrying ...
Read More
Genetic engineering and elicitors are useful strategies to optimize high level production of secondary metabolites. In this study, hairy roots were produced with inoculated cotyledon explants of Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. with strain A4 of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and strain C58C1 (pRiA4-pBMI) carrying the pmt gene of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Then, the effect of pmt gene overexpression and optimal concentration of yeast extract (250 mg l-1 after 48 h) were evaluated on morphological, biochemical characteristics and production of tropane alkaloids in hairy roots obtained from two strains. The results of the effect of different Agrobacterium strains with the optimal concentration of yeast extract showed that in hairy roots obtained from C58C1 strain, fresh weight (2.85 times) and dry weight (2.27 times), total phenol (1.74 times), flavonoid (1.76 times) and alkaloid (1.77 times) were higher than the hairy roots obtained from A4 strain. The maximum antioxidant capacity using two methods IC50 (1.62 µg ml-1) and FRAP (14.77 mmol Fe2+ g-1 FW) were observed in hairy roots obtained C58C1 strain. Also, the highest production of hyoscyamine (1.37 times) and scopolamine (1.34 times) was obtained in hairy roots from C58C1 strain. The results showed that the combination of pmt gene overexpression and the optimal concentration of yeast extract could be used as a suitable method to increase the production of phytochemicals, antioxidant capacity, activity of antioxidant enzymes and tropane alkaloids in Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. hairy roots.
Research Paper
Physiology
somayeh naseri; Mokhtar Heidari; siroos Jafari; mohamad hosein daneshvar
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 30 December 2021
Abstract
In the present experiment, the effect of sodium chloride (0, 75 and 150 mM NaCl) and Urea (0, 60 and 120 mg/kg soil) on nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and accumulation of nitrate, total amino acids and some ions in the seedlings of pistachio (P. vera L. cv. ´´Badami Zarand´´) were studied. ...
Read More
In the present experiment, the effect of sodium chloride (0, 75 and 150 mM NaCl) and Urea (0, 60 and 120 mg/kg soil) on nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and accumulation of nitrate, total amino acids and some ions in the seedlings of pistachio (P. vera L. cv. ´´Badami Zarand´´) were studied. The results showed that application of 60 mg Urea per kg of soil in 0 and 75 mM sodium chloride treatments significantly increased the NRA in leaves (7.52 and 7.14 µ NO2-, respectively). In the seedlings treated with 75 mM sodium chloride, the total leaf amino acid content (AA) after application of Urea (120 mg/kg soil) increased significantly (22.91 µg. g FW), however, the AA in root of both salinity treatments (75 and 150 mM sodium chloride) was increased after application of 60 mg Urea per kg of soil. Application of 60 mg Urea per kg of soil resulted in a significant increase in the root/leaf ratio of the AA in 75 mM sodium chloride, but in 150 mM sodium chloride treatment, application of 120 mg Urea per kg of soil increased this proportion. Also, application of urea had a significant effect on nitrate accumulation in leaves and roots and root/leaf nitrate in pistachio seedlings that treated with 150 mM NaCl. The effect of sodium chloride or urea on Na+, K+ and Na+ concentration was significant. The results showed that application of urea under salt stress conditions improved some biochemical indices related to nitrogen metabolism in pistachio seedlings.
Research Paper
Biochemistry
M. mehrnia; Z. hosseini
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 30 December 2021
Abstract
Zofai (Thymbra spicata L.) is a shrub plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, with the local name Jaatenah, which has not been reported to grow in Lorestan province. This species is distributed in the range mountains of Darab Rika and Zaruni of Kouhdasht city. Zofai has long been used as a spice in ...
Read More
Zofai (Thymbra spicata L.) is a shrub plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, with the local name Jaatenah, which has not been reported to grow in Lorestan province. This species is distributed in the range mountains of Darab Rika and Zaruni of Kouhdasht city. Zofai has long been used as a spice in traditional medicine to treat respiratory and gastrointestinal problems. This plant species has strong antimicrobial and antifungal properties due to its strong active ingredients. The samples were collected from the natural habitat and after identification and approval, they were dried at room temperature to provide essential oil. The water distillation method was used to extract the essential oil and ,and the chemical compounds of essential oil were characterized using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). According to the results of Zofai essential oil analysis, 25 compounds were identified that made up 97.04% of the total volume of essential oil. The major compounds identified in the essential oil of Zofai include Carvacrol (65.88%), γ-terpinene (9.71%), P-cymene (7.82%), Caryophyllene (2.51%), Myrcene (2.09%) , α-terpinene (2.04%). Phenolic compounds act as antimicrobials, antifungals, antioxidants and reduce inflammation. The presence of high Carvacrol in the essential oil of T. spicata, as a phenolic compound, confirms the traditional uses of the T. spicata medicinal species and this medicinal plant can be considered as a source of carvacrol production.
Research Paper
Amir Abbas Minaeifar
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 30 December 2021
Abstract
Aspergillus niger is one of the most common species of the genus Aspergillus with a wide distribution and multiple hosts. Given the importance of this species in the economy, health and hygiene, the identification of this species is important, although morphological identification methods are suitable ...
Read More
Aspergillus niger is one of the most common species of the genus Aspergillus with a wide distribution and multiple hosts. Given the importance of this species in the economy, health and hygiene, the identification of this species is important, although morphological identification methods are suitable for detecting Aspergillus species, they are generally ineffective in identifying the races and populations of species of this genus. therefore some molecular techniques are using to dissolve this problem, In this study, isolated population of Aspergillus niger form five crops including: Wheat, Barley, Corn, Soybean and Rapeseed, identified by morphological methods. To determine of genetic diversity of that population, twenty standardized primers based on ISSR method used. SPSS, GeneAlex and PAST software use to statistical analysis, The results of statistical analysis based on ISSR findings showed, using this method, Aspergillus niger varieties isolated from different hosts and different regions can be distinguished from each other.
Research Paper
Physiology
Mohammad Sayyari; Maryam Hamidi; Ali Azizi; Godarz Ahmadvand
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 24 January 2022
Abstract
To determine some bioactive compounds of Amaranthus blitoides in different phenological stages, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three treatments and three replications. Three phenological stages, including eight-leaf, flowering and seed production stages, were considered ...
Read More
To determine some bioactive compounds of Amaranthus blitoides in different phenological stages, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three treatments and three replications. Three phenological stages, including eight-leaf, flowering and seed production stages, were considered three treatment of experiment, some phytochemical traits and phenolic acids, including quercetin, rutin, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid, were measured. The highest total chlorophyll content (2.05 mg g-1) was observed at the seed production stage, while the lowest total chlorophyll content (0.94 mg g-1) was observed at the eight-leaf stage. The highest content of chlorophyll a and b was observed in the seed production stage, whereas the lowest amount of chlorophyll a and b was observed in the eight-leaf stage. The highest content of carotenoids was observed at the seed production stage. At different phenological stages, the evaluated traits had significant differences. The highest amount of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total tannins, and antioxidant capacity were observed in the flowering stage. HPLC analysis of extracts showed that quercetin and rutin production increased during growth until the flowering stage and then decreased. Also, the biosynthesis of two phenolic acids, including chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid, was high at the eight-leaf stage and reduced after this phenological stage. In general, the highest amount of bioactive compounds and phenolic acids quercetin and rutin of this plant was observed in the flowering stage and the highest amount of plant pigments was observed in the seed production stage.
Research Paper
Genetics
Zahra Alidoosty shahraky; Parisa Farrokh; Atefe Amirahmadi; Arezou Rezaei; Javad Ghasemian
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 24 January 2022
Abstract
DNA-based techniques are more interesting for the taxonomic study of medicinal plants than the classical methods. DNA isolation from medicinal plants due to the higher secondary metabolites is faced with some difficulties. In this study, five protocols, including the original Doyle and Doyle method, ...
Read More
DNA-based techniques are more interesting for the taxonomic study of medicinal plants than the classical methods. DNA isolation from medicinal plants due to the higher secondary metabolites is faced with some difficulties. In this study, five protocols, including the original Doyle and Doyle method, two modified Doyle and Doyle methods in which 2-mercaptoethanol or ammonium acetate were removed, modified Murray and Thompson method, and Gene All kit were assayed to select an appropriate method for the DNA extraction of fresh and herbarium leaves of Echium amoenum Fisch. & C.A. Mey. The quality and quantity of the DNA were examined by gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometric analysis. The applicability of the purified DNA was checked by the PCR of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence. Compared to the original Doyle and Doyle method, the elimination of 2-mercaptoethanol or ammonium acetate had no significant effects (p-value > 0.05) on the quantity and quality of the extracted DNA from fresh and herbarium E. amoenum. Although the highest DNA concentration was obtained by the modified Murray and Thompson method from herbarium leaves, the ITS region was not amplified in this sample. The expected PCR products of the ITS region were amplified from the other DNA samples. In conclusion, the easier modified Doyle and Doyle method by eliminating 2-mercaptoethanol or ammonium acetate is beneficial for DNA extraction from both fresh and herbarium leaves of E. amoenum. This modification does not negatively effect on the following PCR step.
Research Paper
Physiology
Ahmad Aghaee; Saleh Shahabivand; Masoumeh Athari; Yousef Nasiri
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 January 2022
Abstract
Zinc as an essential micronutrient element has an important impact on the growth and metabolism in plants. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of foliar application of zinc on growth, photosynthesis pigments, and essential oil quantity and quality of basil under greenhouse conditions. ...
Read More
Zinc as an essential micronutrient element has an important impact on the growth and metabolism in plants. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of foliar application of zinc on growth, photosynthesis pigments, and essential oil quantity and quality of basil under greenhouse conditions. The treatments were four levels zinc oxide (0, 25, 50, 100 mg/L) and four levels zinc oxide nanoparticles (0, 25, 50, 100 mg/L). The results showed that foliar application of zinc had significant influence on the evaluated parameters. Treatments of Zinc oxide and zinc nanoparticle significantly increased plant length, plant wet and dry weights, leaf number per plant, photosynthesis pigments contents and essential oil percent, and in this regard, zinc nanoparticle impact was more effective than zinc oxide. The highest growth parameters and pigments content were observed at 100 mg/l zinc nanoparticle. Based on the results, 34 components were identified in the basil essential oil that maximum amounts were oxygenated monoterpenes, and three main components were methyl chavicol, linalool and alpha-cadinol. Also, maximum amount of methyl chavicol and alpha-cadinol was observed under 50 mg/l nanoparticles. Zinc has probably increased growth and production of essential oils in basil by increasing the growth hormones, improving the uptake of some nutrients, and increasing the synthesis of precursors of secondary metabolites. The findings of this study showed that the effect of zinc nanoparticle was more effective than zinc oxide in increasing growth and active substances of basil.
Research Paper
Genetics
Somayeh , Mohammadi; Alireza Pourmohammad; Ezatollah Esfandiari; Seyed Bahman Mousavi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 16 February 2022
Abstract
This study was conducted to comprise and grouping 16 different durum wheat genotypes for activities of antioxidant enzymes at Research Laboratory of Department of Plant Production and Genetics, University of Maragheh. Seedlings grown in aeroponic way, after 4-5 leaf stage, were exposed to cadmium stress ...
Read More
This study was conducted to comprise and grouping 16 different durum wheat genotypes for activities of antioxidant enzymes at Research Laboratory of Department of Plant Production and Genetics, University of Maragheh. Seedlings grown in aeroponic way, after 4-5 leaf stage, were exposed to cadmium stress using 250 µM. Then, dry weight of leaf, enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione s transferase (GST), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), elements Cd, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn were measured. Cluster analysis categorized the genotypes into three distinct groups. The genotypes of second group (1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 12) had the highest values of dry weight of leaf, Fe and Zn and the lowest values Cd, Cu, H2O2, CAT, APX, GPX, GST and MDA. These genotypes were known as tolerant genotypes which those may be applied in durum wheat breeding programs for cadmium tolerance.
Research Paper
Natural resources
Bijan Frarji; Mohsen javanmiri Pour; Vahid Etemad
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 16 February 2022
Abstract
Seed performs a significant role as the most influential factor in the transfer of tree species heritability and forest sustainability. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of altitude from sea level on seed production and regeneration of oriental beech in managed forests. For this purpose, ...
Read More
Seed performs a significant role as the most influential factor in the transfer of tree species heritability and forest sustainability. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of altitude from sea level on seed production and regeneration of oriental beech in managed forests. For this purpose, 50 paired sample plots with 2 × 2 m at 1100, 1600 and 2000 m.a.s.l were established. For different experiments were transferred the collected seeds to the seed laboratory. The germinated seeds counted at each sample plot on spring in order to regeneration survey. According to the obtained results, 1600 meters consist of the highest seed, 2000 meters encompass the highest regeneration and 1600 include the un-healthiest seeds. In addition, the maximum seed eaten by insects related to the height of 1600 m. furthermore, 1000 seed weight at the 1100, 1600 and 2000 m were determined to be 207.684, 244.144 and 304.237 grams, respectively. Seed weight appears to be lower in frequently seed years than in regular years. According to the results, the best height for producing and collecting beech seed is at 2000 m.a.s.l. Therefore, the establishment of a seed production station as well as a temporary nursery at this altitude can create a suitable ground for seed reproduction and production in areas of equal height and homogeneity.
Research Paper
Tissue culture
Fariba Amini; Seyedeh Batool Hassani; Francoise Bernard
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 16 February 2022
Abstract
Onosma pachypoda Boiss. is a medicinal plant and belongs to Boraginaceae family. Enhancement of secondary metabolites using modern biotechnological methods such as tissue culture and hairy root induction by Agrobacterium rhizogenes can be important. In the present study, hairy root induction by A. rhizogenes ...
Read More
Onosma pachypoda Boiss. is a medicinal plant and belongs to Boraginaceae family. Enhancement of secondary metabolites using modern biotechnological methods such as tissue culture and hairy root induction by Agrobacterium rhizogenes can be important. In the present study, hairy root induction by A. rhizogenes strain A4 on the callus of O. pachypoda was examined via dry and immersion methods under different spectral LED lights. The effect of LED lights was also investigated on the concentration of flavonoid content in inoculated callus. The results showed that the highest percentage (50%) of hairy root induction was obtained by immersing the callus in the suspension of A. rhizogenes under dark conditions. The highest flavonoid content was observed in inoculated callus under blue LED light and dark conditions. Therefore, the immersion method is a suitable method for inoculation of callus to induce hairy roots in the plant. It seems that using of different spectral LED lights also affects flavonoid content in the callus of O. pachypoda.
Research Paper
Mohammadreza Dashtaki; eslam Majidi; Reza Azizi nejad
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 16 February 2022
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of drought stress on grain yield, yield component, morphologic and phonological traits on 30 genotypes of wheat, an experiment in the form randomized complete block with three replication at 2 levels of irrigation (normal and stress), was carried out. Results showed that the studied ...
Read More
To evaluate the effect of drought stress on grain yield, yield component, morphologic and phonological traits on 30 genotypes of wheat, an experiment in the form randomized complete block with three replication at 2 levels of irrigation (normal and stress), was carried out. Results showed that the studied genotypes were significantly different in terms of grain yield, 100-seed weight, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, day to maturity, and seed size under stress and non-stress conditions. According to the results, it can be seen that Kavir, Pishtaz and Helmand cultivars showed the lowest yield reduction and Navid, Karim and Alvand cultivars showed the highest grain yield decrease among all cultivars. The analysis of tolerance index correlation showed index of tolerance stress, using mean and using numeral mean are the best indexes for identifying genotype with high yield in this test According to the results of phenotypic correlations, stepwise regression, path analysis and principal component analysis in both normal and stress conditions, it can be concluded that, expected that the traits of number of spike in plant, total spikes weight, biological yield, main spike of weight, were most important and effective traits affecting yield and considering that among the genotypes, The highest diversity was observed for these traits, therefore selecting and breeding for these traits can ideally be improved the yield Genotype grouping in both conditions was conducted based on studied traits with UPGMA method, in both conditions investigated genotypes were grouped in five clusters.
Research Paper
Biotechnology
Maryam Sadat Mirbagheri Firoozabad
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 16 February 2022
Abstract
The increasing application of microbial lipids and fatty acids in various fields of health and industry and their advantages to the proportion of animals and plant lipids has elicited much attention in some research. The aim of this study was the investigation of lipid, biomass, and fatty acid production ...
Read More
The increasing application of microbial lipids and fatty acids in various fields of health and industry and their advantages to the proportion of animals and plant lipids has elicited much attention in some research. The aim of this study was the investigation of lipid, biomass, and fatty acid production in Zygomycet fungi including Cunninghamella echinulata, ، Mucor rouxii, Mucor circinillioides and Rhizopus stolonifer in different media cultures containing plant oils (2% of coconut, sesame, olive, and almond oil) as carbon sources. Results showed all of the strains produced more than 25% lipid and C. echinulata is the best lipid producer in 4 strains and the yield of lipid production in olive oil medium was 63 % in this strain. Omega 6 fatty acids like GLA (gamma linoleic acid) and linoleate appeared in all of the media culture. M. rouxii created 9.69 % GLA in olive oil medium. Arachidonic acid and linolenate were other omegas that produce in some oil media. An important point of this study was increased about 2 to 10 times in omega 3 and 6 production in plant oils treated by fungi rather than raw plant oils. It could be concluded that zygomycete fungi are a good candidates for the production of valuable microbial oils and applied to the improvement of quality in dietary and industrial crops.
Research Paper
Ecology
Shahrzad Nazemi Ardakani; Razieh Rahimi; Ahmadreza Mehrabian; Hossein Mostafavi; Hadi Kiadaliri
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 16 February 2022
Abstract
Liliaceae include 73 species that covers about 1 percent of Flora of Iran. In addition approximately 27% of mentioned taxa are classified in endemic flora of Iran. Gagea with 31 species is the largest genus liliaceae in scale of Iran. These taxa were categorized based on topographic zonations including ...
Read More
Liliaceae include 73 species that covers about 1 percent of Flora of Iran. In addition approximately 27% of mentioned taxa are classified in endemic flora of Iran. Gagea with 31 species is the largest genus liliaceae in scale of Iran. These taxa were categorized based on topographic zonations including basins (less than 300 m a.s.l.), lowlands (300–1000 m a.s.l.), semi–mountainous (1000–1500 m a.s.l.), mountainous (1500–2500 m a.s.l.), alpine (2500–3500 m a.s.l.), and subnivale (3500–4500 m a.s.l.). Iranian Liliaceae included critically endangered (CR): 22 spp, endangered (EN): 5 spp., near threatened (NT): 37spp), vulnerable (VU): 1 spp.), In addition, the Kurdistan–Zagros range and the Atropatenian phytogeographical units feature the highest richness of mentioned taxa and form the first class in conservation value and priority. Several endangered species in this family, a wide range of which is located outside protected areas, so In situ as well ex-situ conservation actions seems to necessary for their conservation.
Research Paper
Biotechnology
Sara Sharifi Soltani; Gholam Ali Ranjbar; Seyed kamal kazemitabar; Ali Pakdin-Parizi; Hamid Najafi Zarrini
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 16 February 2022
Abstract
Castor (Ricinius communis L.) is one of the oldest medicinal plants in the world. The assessment of genetic diversity in castor beans plays a vital role in identifying superior genotypes to use in plant breeding programs. For this reason, the diversity and genetic association of 22 castor ecotypes were ...
Read More
Castor (Ricinius communis L.) is one of the oldest medicinal plants in the world. The assessment of genetic diversity in castor beans plays a vital role in identifying superior genotypes to use in plant breeding programs. For this reason, the diversity and genetic association of 22 castor ecotypes were investigated. Out of 26 screened primers, 19 primers that produced the most polymorphic bands were used. Totally, these primers generated 188 bands, of which 180 bands (95.58 %) were polymorphic. The studied ecotypes were divided into two separate group’s using cluster analysis. The highest similarity was observed between ecotypes 4 and 5 (collected from Sari) and the lowest similarity was observed between ecotypes 1 and 14 (Sari and Babolsar).The highest Nei's genetic diversity (H) and Shannon index (I) were observed in population No. 2 including 12 ecotypes. According to the genetic structure of populations performed by Structure software, ecotypes were divided into two subpopulation clusters. The molecular analysis of variance showed that 37% of genetic variation attributed to between group's and 63% to within group's, which can be used in its breeding programs.
Research Paper
Tissue culture
Samira Minaei; Rasool Asghari Zakaria; Nasser Zare; Maryam Khezri
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 27 February 2022
Abstract
Galegine is one of the most important active ingredients in the Galga (Galega officinalis L.), which is used as a drug for lowering blood sugar in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The use of nano-elicitors to increase the production of secondary metabolites in plant cell and tissue culture is a useful ...
Read More
Galegine is one of the most important active ingredients in the Galga (Galega officinalis L.), which is used as a drug for lowering blood sugar in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The use of nano-elicitors to increase the production of secondary metabolites in plant cell and tissue culture is a useful method to achieve high levels of compounds with medicinal worth. In this study, the effects of nano-silver (5, 10, and 20 mg/L) stimuli, iron nano oxide (50, 100, and 200 mg/L), and molybdenum nanoparticles (30, 60, and 90 mg/L) on cell growth and production of some metabolites were studied in cell suspension culture of G. officinalis. The results showed that the application of silver nanoparticles in cell suspension culture at 5 and 10 mg/L for 48 h resulted in the highest galegine content. Also, the application of 100 mg/L iron nano oxide and 60 mg/L molybdenum led to an increase in galegine content in the cell suspension culture of G. officinalis compared with the control. The highest content of total phenols and flavonoids was obtained in the treatment of cells with 100 mg/L iron nano oxide. In general, considering that some treatments used increased the content of galegine in comparison with the control, it can be suggested that applying nano-elicitors in the cell suspension culture can be used to produce more galegine of this plant.
', './data/plant/coversheet/331650278309.jpg'))
