Iranian Biology SocietyJournal of Plant Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)2383-259238420251222The role of GA and ABA in moist chilling-induced effects on germination of scarified seeds of Myrtus commnius L.The role of GA and ABA in moist chilling-induced effects on germination of scarified seeds of Myrtus commnius L.359372249210.22034/jpr.2025.2492FAAzadehRafieiShahrekord University0009-0002-3043-1138RayhanehAmooaghaie0000-0002-8575-5407Journal Article20230616Dormancy of Myrtus communis seeds causes problems with the propagation of this plant through seed cultivation. Therefore, in current study firstly interactive effects of various types of scarification (treatment with hot water for 20 min, H_2 SO_4 90% for 5 min, blade and sand paper for 10 min) with moist chilling (0, 15, 30, 45 days) or GA3 concentrations (0, 250, 500, 1000 mg/L) were investigated on seed dormancy breaking in two separate experiments. Results showed that without scarification seed germination less than 3%, but application of various types of scarification achieved final seed germination to 30-67%. The moist chilling and GA3 treatments significantly increased seed germination and seedling growth and vigor in scarified seeds and the best treatment was combination of scarification with blade or sand paper and 30 moist chilling that posed 91% seed germination. In the next experiment, the role of GA and ABA in moist chilling - induced effects on seed dormancy breaking was assessed using inhibitor compounds. Results showed that application of paclobutrazole (as an inhibitor of GA synthesis) as well as treatment with ABA and diniconazole (as an inhibitor of ABA catabolism) reversed the effect of moist chilling on the germination of scarified seeds. In contrast, treatment with fluridone (as an inhibitor of ABA synthesis) increased the velocity and capacity of germination of moist chilled- and scarified seeds. These results suggested that myrtle seeds in addition to physical dormancy possess physiological dormancy that moist chilling can attenuate it by increasing GA/ABA ratio in seeds.Dormancy of Myrtus communis seeds causes problems with the propagation of this plant through seed cultivation. Therefore, in current study firstly interactive effects of various types of scarification (treatment with hot water for 20 min, H_2 SO_4 90% for 5 min, blade and sand paper for 10 min) with moist chilling (0, 15, 30, 45 days) or GA3 concentrations (0, 250, 500, 1000 mg/L) were investigated on seed dormancy breaking in two separate experiments. Results showed that without scarification seed germination less than 3%, but application of various types of scarification achieved final seed germination to 30-67%. The moist chilling and GA3 treatments significantly increased seed germination and seedling growth and vigor in scarified seeds and the best treatment was combination of scarification with blade or sand paper and 30 moist chilling that posed 91% seed germination. In the next experiment, the role of GA and ABA in moist chilling - induced effects on seed dormancy breaking was assessed using inhibitor compounds. Results showed that application of paclobutrazole (as an inhibitor of GA synthesis) as well as treatment with ABA and diniconazole (as an inhibitor of ABA catabolism) reversed the effect of moist chilling on the germination of scarified seeds. In contrast, treatment with fluridone (as an inhibitor of ABA synthesis) increased the velocity and capacity of germination of moist chilled- and scarified seeds. These results suggested that myrtle seeds in addition to physical dormancy possess physiological dormancy that moist chilling can attenuate it by increasing GA/ABA ratio in seeds.https://plant.ijbio.ir/article_2492_46515dcd99ea50dd0671bc6840830404.pdfIranian Biology SocietyJournal of Plant Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)2383-259238420251122The effect of different basic culture media micropropagation, meristem cultivation on cherry (Prunus avium L.) and it`s micrografting of virus-free scionsThe effect of different basic culture media micropropagation, meristem cultivation on cherry (Prunus avium L.) and it`s micrografting of virus-free scions373388245510.22034/jpr.2024.8461.3357FAParissaJonoubiKharazmi University0000-0003-2171-9746NaserBouzariTemperate and Cold Fruits Research Institute (TCFRI), Horticulture Sciences Research Institute, Karaj, IranZohrehShirkhaniPlant Sciences Department, Biological Sciences Faculty, Kharazmi University, Tehran, IranMaryamMalekiDeptartment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240610Traditional plant propagation, aside from being slow, can also lead to the spread of plant diseases, with viral infections being particularly concerning. To address these issues, the cultivation of meristems through in vitro culture and the development of micropropagation protocols are crucial tools. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different growth media and regulators on meristem cultivation in cherry cv. OSH using a factorial experiment design. Five culture mediums with various hormones were tested to determine the most effective combination for establishment percentage. The results showed that the WPM culture medium with a hormone concentration of 1 mg L-1 BA and 0.1 mg L-1 IBA had the highest establishment percentage (28%). Three culture media with ascorbic acid (1 mg L-1) were tested to determine the most effective combination for establishment of cherry meristem. The QL culture medium containing 1 mg L-1 of ascorbic acid and 1 mg L-1 of BA exhibited the highest meristem establishment percentage (2.6%). The MS medium with a hormone concentration of 2 mg L-1 BA and 0.2 mg L-1 IBA showed the highest shoot proliferation percentage (14.6%). Furthermore, the results of RT-PCR analysis indicated that none of the plant samples obtained from the meristem culture were infected with common cherry viruses (PNRSV and PDV). Successful grafting was achieved using scions of 1-2 cm in size on Maxma 14 rootstock. Overall, this study highlights the effectiveness of meristem culture in eliminating viruses from infected cherry plants, offering the potential to produce disease-free propagation material.Traditional plant propagation, aside from being slow, can also lead to the spread of plant diseases, with viral infections being particularly concerning. To address these issues, the cultivation of meristems through in vitro culture and the development of micropropagation protocols are crucial tools. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different growth media and regulators on meristem cultivation in cherry cv. OSH using a factorial experiment design. Five culture mediums with various hormones were tested to determine the most effective combination for establishment percentage. The results showed that the WPM culture medium with a hormone concentration of 1 mg L-1 BA and 0.1 mg L-1 IBA had the highest establishment percentage (28%). Three culture media with ascorbic acid (1 mg L-1) were tested to determine the most effective combination for establishment of cherry meristem. The QL culture medium containing 1 mg L-1 of ascorbic acid and 1 mg L-1 of BA exhibited the highest meristem establishment percentage (2.6%). The MS medium with a hormone concentration of 2 mg L-1 BA and 0.2 mg L-1 IBA showed the highest shoot proliferation percentage (14.6%). Furthermore, the results of RT-PCR analysis indicated that none of the plant samples obtained from the meristem culture were infected with common cherry viruses (PNRSV and PDV). Successful grafting was achieved using scions of 1-2 cm in size on Maxma 14 rootstock. Overall, this study highlights the effectiveness of meristem culture in eliminating viruses from infected cherry plants, offering the potential to produce disease-free propagation material.https://plant.ijbio.ir/article_2455_b427426b8acd2c2e53827970f2c2f526.pdfIranian Biology SocietyJournal of Plant Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)2383-259238420251222Comparative analysis of genome characteristics of lower and higher plantsComparative analysis of genome characteristics of lower and higher plants421437236410.22034/jpr.2024.8310.3312FAMohammadEsmaeilpourAssistant Professor, Ahar Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tabriz, Ahar, Iran.0000-0002-3734-5841Journal Article20231202Review of resources shows that no comprehensive studies have been done to compare genomes between lower and higher plants, especially considering that their genomic information is being updated. Therefore, the genome of moss (Physcomitrium patens) as a lower plant has been compared with poplar (Populus trichocarpa) as a higher plant. Genome size, chromosome number, GC, total number of genes, protein coding genes, small RNAs, pseudogenes, transposable elements and microsatellites of the genomes were extracted. The results showed genome size of moss is larger and has 23747 genes, among which there were 20454 protein encoding genes. The genome size of the poplar is smaller and has 34621 genes, among which there were 29617 protein coding genes. The number of small RNAs for moss and polar genomes was 863 and 1347, respectively. The number of pseudogene genes in the poplar genome was 2.9 times that of the moss. Some genes were found only in mosses. Gypsy in moss and poplar occupy 47.9% and 14.93% of the whole genome, respectively. In total, the transposable in the moss genome were 1.6 times that of the poplar genome. The number and abundance of microsatellites detected in the genome of moss was 1.6 and 1.5 times that of the higher poplar plant, respectively. The process of evolution in plants has probably reduced the number and density of non-functional genes (Transposable and microsatellites) and increased the number of functional genes. Useful information obtained from comparative genomics studies can pave the way for the implementation of practical plans.Review of resources shows that no comprehensive studies have been done to compare genomes between lower and higher plants, especially considering that their genomic information is being updated. Therefore, the genome of moss (Physcomitrium patens) as a lower plant has been compared with poplar (Populus trichocarpa) as a higher plant. Genome size, chromosome number, GC, total number of genes, protein coding genes, small RNAs, pseudogenes, transposable elements and microsatellites of the genomes were extracted. The results showed genome size of moss is larger and has 23747 genes, among which there were 20454 protein encoding genes. The genome size of the poplar is smaller and has 34621 genes, among which there were 29617 protein coding genes. The number of small RNAs for moss and polar genomes was 863 and 1347, respectively. The number of pseudogene genes in the poplar genome was 2.9 times that of the moss. Some genes were found only in mosses. Gypsy in moss and poplar occupy 47.9% and 14.93% of the whole genome, respectively. In total, the transposable in the moss genome were 1.6 times that of the poplar genome. The number and abundance of microsatellites detected in the genome of moss was 1.6 and 1.5 times that of the higher poplar plant, respectively. The process of evolution in plants has probably reduced the number and density of non-functional genes (Transposable and microsatellites) and increased the number of functional genes. Useful information obtained from comparative genomics studies can pave the way for the implementation of practical plans.https://plant.ijbio.ir/article_2364_f7e2b2b75b04175610e5a00c1e221ebb.pdfIranian Biology SocietyJournal of Plant Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)2383-259238420251222Evaluation of regeneration responses and production of phenolic substances of Lilium species in response to different light qualitiesEvaluation of regeneration responses and production of phenolic substances of Lilium species in response to different light qualities438455238410.22034/jpr.2024.8295.3305FAYounessPourbeyrami HirDepartment of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Designing. Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili0000-0003-2040-2368EsmaeilChamaniDepartment of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Designing. Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili0000-0003-4132-5306ZeynabNorouzi HamedaniStudent of Department of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Designing. Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliRoghayehNabipour SanjbodStudent of Department of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Designing. Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh ArdabiliJournal Article20231127Lilium is a member of the Liliaceae family. Recently, utilization of LEDs has enhanced the plant growth, yield, and production of the secondary metabolites. This experiment investigated three species of Lilium, ledebourii, jinghe, and dandie. The experiment involved exposing the plants to different light qualities, including monochromatic lights: 100% white (W), 100% red (R), and 100% blue (B), and combinations: 80% red + 20% blue (R80B20), 60% red + 40% blue (R60B40), 40% red + 60% blue (R40B60), and 20% red + 80% blue (R20B80). The research was carried out through three separate experiments based on a completely randomized design with five replications. The findings revealed that various morphological, physiological, and phytochemical characteristics were greatly dependent on plant species. In ledebourii, W and R lights had notable effects on enhancing root length and total phenol, respectively. Conversely, other parameters remained unaffected by the light treatments. Jinghe species exhibited positive responses to W light in many parameters, including regeneration percentage, leaf and root length, leaf and root numbers, fresh weight, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, and total phenol content. In addition, the dandie showed an increase in callus percentage under the influence of R light. Furthermore, some indices of the dandie species experienced significant improvements under the R80B20 light, such as leaf length, bulblet number, root and leaf numbers, fresh weight, leaf area, chlorophyll b, total phenol and total flavonoid content. Generally, W and R80B20 lights led to enhancements in various growth and phytochemical characteristics for the jinghe and dandie species, respectively.Lilium is a member of the Liliaceae family. Recently, utilization of LEDs has enhanced the plant growth, yield, and production of the secondary metabolites. This experiment investigated three species of Lilium, ledebourii, jinghe, and dandie. The experiment involved exposing the plants to different light qualities, including monochromatic lights: 100% white (W), 100% red (R), and 100% blue (B), and combinations: 80% red + 20% blue (R80B20), 60% red + 40% blue (R60B40), 40% red + 60% blue (R40B60), and 20% red + 80% blue (R20B80). The research was carried out through three separate experiments based on a completely randomized design with five replications. The findings revealed that various morphological, physiological, and phytochemical characteristics were greatly dependent on plant species. In ledebourii, W and R lights had notable effects on enhancing root length and total phenol, respectively. Conversely, other parameters remained unaffected by the light treatments. Jinghe species exhibited positive responses to W light in many parameters, including regeneration percentage, leaf and root length, leaf and root numbers, fresh weight, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, and total phenol content. In addition, the dandie showed an increase in callus percentage under the influence of R light. Furthermore, some indices of the dandie species experienced significant improvements under the R80B20 light, such as leaf length, bulblet number, root and leaf numbers, fresh weight, leaf area, chlorophyll b, total phenol and total flavonoid content. Generally, W and R80B20 lights led to enhancements in various growth and phytochemical characteristics for the jinghe and dandie species, respectively.https://plant.ijbio.ir/article_2384_ea159dc9788ffac311592613b7f71fbb.pdfIranian Biology SocietyJournal of Plant Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)2383-259238420251222The effect of extracts of four Iranian pistachio cultivars (Pistacia vera) on the growth rate of Aspergillus flavus and the production of aflatoxin B1The effect of extracts of four Iranian pistachio cultivars (Pistacia vera) on the growth rate of Aspergillus flavus and the production of aflatoxin B1456472238510.22034/jpr.2024.8309.3311FAZahraMoodiDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic
Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran0009-0000-9602-3810MohaddesehLarypoorAssociate Professor of Mycology, Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-2003-8343FaribaSharifniaAssociate Professor of Systematic plant biology,, Department of biology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-8984-3316Journal Article20231202Pistacia vera L. pistachio is considered one of the most important export items of Iran, which can be a suitable substrate for the growth of toxin-producing fungi and, as a result, the production of aflatoxin B. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of four pistachio cultivars including Akbari, Ahmad Aghaei, Kalh-Qouchi from Damghan City, and Badami sefid from Faizabad City as well as the oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic fatty acids contained in it on the growth of Aspergillus flavus and reducing the amount of aflatoxin B1. In the present research, pistachio extract was prepared with a rotary machine under vacuum and analyzed with a GC-MS machine. Antifungal effects of extracts and fatty acids were investigated separately by disc diffusion methods, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration, and the level of aflatoxin B1 by HPLC. The highest amount of oleic fatty acid with 66.3% was found in Akbari pistachios. Among the most effective extracts and fatty acids on the investigated fungi, Pistachio Akbari and Ahmed Aghaei with MIC equal to 10 µg/ml and MFC equal to 200 and 250 µg/ml respectively, and oleic fatty acid with MIC and MFC equal to 15 and 250 µg/ml. In the combination of four pistachio extracts with four fatty acids, the highest reduction in aflatoxin production was observed with 36.77 μg/kg, compared to the control sample (843.95 μg/kg). Therefore, fatty acids in pistachios can be used as a biocompatible preservative without affecting the taste of pistachios.Pistacia vera L. pistachio is considered one of the most important export items of Iran, which can be a suitable substrate for the growth of toxin-producing fungi and, as a result, the production of aflatoxin B. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of four pistachio cultivars including Akbari, Ahmad Aghaei, Kalh-Qouchi from Damghan City, and Badami sefid from Faizabad City as well as the oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic fatty acids contained in it on the growth of Aspergillus flavus and reducing the amount of aflatoxin B1. In the present research, pistachio extract was prepared with a rotary machine under vacuum and analyzed with a GC-MS machine. Antifungal effects of extracts and fatty acids were investigated separately by disc diffusion methods, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration, and the level of aflatoxin B1 by HPLC. The highest amount of oleic fatty acid with 66.3% was found in Akbari pistachios. Among the most effective extracts and fatty acids on the investigated fungi, Pistachio Akbari and Ahmed Aghaei with MIC equal to 10 µg/ml and MFC equal to 200 and 250 µg/ml respectively, and oleic fatty acid with MIC and MFC equal to 15 and 250 µg/ml. In the combination of four pistachio extracts with four fatty acids, the highest reduction in aflatoxin production was observed with 36.77 μg/kg, compared to the control sample (843.95 μg/kg). Therefore, fatty acids in pistachios can be used as a biocompatible preservative without affecting the taste of pistachios.https://plant.ijbio.ir/article_2385_1a68e5f4ade56ed1d4bf273e55510750.pdfIranian Biology SocietyJournal of Plant Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)2383-259238420251222The effect of Azotobacter on some physiological and biochemical indicators and the expression of some effective genes in Ocimum basilicum under salt stressThe effect of Azotobacter on some physiological and biochemical indicators and the expression of some effective genes in Ocimum basilicum under salt stress473489238710.22034/jpr.2024.8273.3297FAFaezehBakhtiariDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan, Isfahan, IranZahraRezayatmandDepartment of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, IranZarrindokhtEmami Karvani3 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20231111Creating resistance to salinity in plants is a special feature for agriculture, because soil salinity is one of the limiting factors for growth. Plant growth stimulating bacteria moderate the effects of environmental stress in plants with different mechanisms. In accordance, a factorial greenhouse experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design in three replicates. The experimental treatments included salinity (0, 100, 150, and 200 mmol sodium chloride) and Azotobacter bacterium which were performed on Ocimum basilicum. The results showed that salinity stress treatment by inoculating the plant with Azotobacter, dry and wet weights of the plant were increased (20%) compared to the condition without bacteria, in different concentrations of salinity. In salinity treatment, in the absence of bacteria, the amount of proline (48.6%) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, catalase (0.059 units), peroxidase (0.263 units) and superoxide dismutase (7.6 units) increased in the plant. It was observed that the use of bacteria along with salt stress decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and proline. At all times, salinity stress increased the expression of DRB2 and p5cs genes, and this increase was the highest at 72 hours. At the same time, the use of bacteria with stress decreased the expression of the studied genes. The results of the study show the high effectiveness of treatment with Azotobacter in reducing the effects of salinity stress, antioxidant activity and increasing the expression of genes involved in stress control in Ocimum basilicum, and these effects can be investigated in other plants.Creating resistance to salinity in plants is a special feature for agriculture, because soil salinity is one of the limiting factors for growth. Plant growth stimulating bacteria moderate the effects of environmental stress in plants with different mechanisms. In accordance, a factorial greenhouse experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design in three replicates. The experimental treatments included salinity (0, 100, 150, and 200 mmol sodium chloride) and Azotobacter bacterium which were performed on Ocimum basilicum. The results showed that salinity stress treatment by inoculating the plant with Azotobacter, dry and wet weights of the plant were increased (20%) compared to the condition without bacteria, in different concentrations of salinity. In salinity treatment, in the absence of bacteria, the amount of proline (48.6%) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, catalase (0.059 units), peroxidase (0.263 units) and superoxide dismutase (7.6 units) increased in the plant. It was observed that the use of bacteria along with salt stress decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and proline. At all times, salinity stress increased the expression of DRB2 and p5cs genes, and this increase was the highest at 72 hours. At the same time, the use of bacteria with stress decreased the expression of the studied genes. The results of the study show the high effectiveness of treatment with Azotobacter in reducing the effects of salinity stress, antioxidant activity and increasing the expression of genes involved in stress control in Ocimum basilicum, and these effects can be investigated in other plants.https://plant.ijbio.ir/article_2387_8b4224068a41c5d37f5e2d54f3995089.pdfIranian Biology SocietyJournal of Plant Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)2383-259238420251222Comparison of phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of olive leaf and fruit extracts (Olea europaea L.) in two different climatic conditionsComparison of phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of olive leaf and fruit extracts (Olea europaea L.) in two different climatic conditions389404241110.22034/jpr.2024.8430.3342FAMahboobehZahediDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran0009-0007-3629-1128مهدیدهقانی کاظمیDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran0000-0002-7616-6715HamidBeyzaeiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran0000-0002-6824-1367SedighehEsmaeilzadeh BahabadiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, IranJournal Article20240423In this research, phenolic and flavonoid compounds as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the fruits and leaves of Olea europaea L. from Zabul and Zahedan were compared. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured by the Folin Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetry methods. DPPH free radical scavenging method was used to measure the antioxidant properties of the organs. Inhibitory properties of hydroalcoholic extracts were studied against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria and fungal strains. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents ranged from 132±12 to 207±21 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram and 26.2±2.5 to 34.4±2.5 mg of quercetin equivalent per gram of dried samples, respectively. IC50 values ranged from 5.27±1 to 128.03±14 μg/ml. No inhibitory activity was observed at the highest concentration of the extracts against strains of E. coli, B. cereus, S. epidirmidis, and A. fumigatus. Most of the extracts were able to prevent the growth of Fusarium oxysporum, but the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain was inhibited only by Zabul fruit extract. There was no obvious relationship between the climatic conditions of the plant's habitat and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial properties of the extracts. Consistent with their high antioxidant properties, extracts of Zahedan olive leaf and Zabul olive fruit showed a wider range of inhibitory effects against pathogens and can be used in the treatment of microbial infections and diseases caused by oxidative stress.In this research, phenolic and flavonoid compounds as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the fruits and leaves of Olea europaea L. from Zabul and Zahedan were compared. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured by the Folin Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetry methods. DPPH free radical scavenging method was used to measure the antioxidant properties of the organs. Inhibitory properties of hydroalcoholic extracts were studied against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria and fungal strains. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents ranged from 132±12 to 207±21 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram and 26.2±2.5 to 34.4±2.5 mg of quercetin equivalent per gram of dried samples, respectively. IC50 values ranged from 5.27±1 to 128.03±14 μg/ml. No inhibitory activity was observed at the highest concentration of the extracts against strains of E. coli, B. cereus, S. epidirmidis, and A. fumigatus. Most of the extracts were able to prevent the growth of Fusarium oxysporum, but the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain was inhibited only by Zabul fruit extract. There was no obvious relationship between the climatic conditions of the plant's habitat and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial properties of the extracts. Consistent with their high antioxidant properties, extracts of Zahedan olive leaf and Zabul olive fruit showed a wider range of inhibitory effects against pathogens and can be used in the treatment of microbial infections and diseases caused by oxidative stress.https://plant.ijbio.ir/article_2411_ddeebdeefdb7e7e7a697e1c3e3d8ef54.pdfIranian Biology SocietyJournal of Plant Research
(Iranian Journal of Biology)2383-259238420251222The Effect of culture conditions and medium on the in-vitro cultivation of three species of duckweed native to Iran as a plant with biotechnological applicationsThe Effect of culture conditions and medium on the in-vitro cultivation of three species of duckweed native to Iran as a plant with biotechnological applications405420241210.22034/jpr.2024.8458.3356FAElhamTaghipourNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyNimaRadNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.SadeghShojaeiNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-1460-3155MahdiArezoumandiNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.FatemeFrootanNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.SaraYaghoubiNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.MahyatJafariNational Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.Ali HatefSalmanianFaculty member/ NIGEB0000-0002-9984-7441Journal Article20240601Duckweed is the world's smallest aquatic plant with six species found on the surface of the Iran’s wetlands. Duckweeds having unique characteristics in growth, protein, and nutritional content, have been considered for biotechnological applications and food security. For further study, optimization of cultivation under controlled conditions should be considered. For this purpose, four culture mediums Hoagland, MS, SH, and NF were used and the relative growth rate (RGR), doubling time (DT), and biomass accumulation (BA) were investigated. Hoagland's liquid medium with the average doubling time of fronds every 2.8 days and biomass doubling every 1.2 days for Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza and accumulation of biomass every 1.2 days for the edible species Wolffia spp. was recognized as the best medium. Also, tissue culture optimization of the duckweed is needed to facilitate their genetic engineering. The results showed that MS solid medium in the presence of 15 µM 2,4-D and 7.5 µM BAP supplemented with 2% sucrose, significantly stimulates the highest percentage of callus induction in the Lemna species. Also, the highest rate of regeneration (83%) was obtained in the presence of BAP with a concentration of 4 µM and 1% sucrose. These data show that duckweed native to Iran (L. minor) can be grown in-vitro under laboratory conditions, and due to its high nutritional value, it can be used as a potentially rich source of protein as a supplement to food and feed and to produce recombinant proteins should be investigated.Duckweed is the world's smallest aquatic plant with six species found on the surface of the Iran’s wetlands. Duckweeds having unique characteristics in growth, protein, and nutritional content, have been considered for biotechnological applications and food security. For further study, optimization of cultivation under controlled conditions should be considered. For this purpose, four culture mediums Hoagland, MS, SH, and NF were used and the relative growth rate (RGR), doubling time (DT), and biomass accumulation (BA) were investigated. Hoagland's liquid medium with the average doubling time of fronds every 2.8 days and biomass doubling every 1.2 days for Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza and accumulation of biomass every 1.2 days for the edible species Wolffia spp. was recognized as the best medium. Also, tissue culture optimization of the duckweed is needed to facilitate their genetic engineering. The results showed that MS solid medium in the presence of 15 µM 2,4-D and 7.5 µM BAP supplemented with 2% sucrose, significantly stimulates the highest percentage of callus induction in the Lemna species. Also, the highest rate of regeneration (83%) was obtained in the presence of BAP with a concentration of 4 µM and 1% sucrose. These data show that duckweed native to Iran (L. minor) can be grown in-vitro under laboratory conditions, and due to its high nutritional value, it can be used as a potentially rich source of protein as a supplement to food and feed and to produce recombinant proteins should be investigated.https://plant.ijbio.ir/article_2412_186fb23a33995d91ce3c2212189178c8.pdf